近年来,英语“语法填空”这一题型的出现,对于学生各方面的英语素质要求能力大大提高。这一改变也体现出了当下英语改革的趋势:突出语篇,强调语篇在英语能力和应用中的重要性。接下来小编告诉你中考英语语法填空解题技巧及专项训练。
一、语法填空命题特点
语法填空题主要是在一篇200字左右的短文中,给出10个填空,每小题1分。其中3-4个空给出一个提示词,要求考生填写其正确形式;其余6-7个空结合上下文语境直接填词,每空不多于3个词。
二、语法填空解题技巧
根据设题类型,语法填空又可分为有提示词试题和纯空格试题两类。有提示词试题侧重考查动词、名词、形容词、副词以及词性转换, 而纯空格试题侧重考查冠词、介词、连词和代词。
技巧一:若提示词为动词,则先要进行两个步骤:首先将有横线的部分以句子为单位进行划分,其次标出句子中动词。
技巧二:若提示词为名词,则需考虑:(1)可数名词或不可数名词;(2)可数名词单数或复数。
技巧三:若提示词为形容词、副词则需考虑:(1)形容词修饰名词;(2)副词修饰动词、形容词及整个句子;(3)形容词和副词的比较级、高级。
技巧四:若考查括号内给出单词的其他形式,通过分析句子结构,判断句子缺少什么成分(修饰什么词),再用正确的单词形式补充完整。介词、冠词、所有格后接名词、形容词修饰名词、副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子。该空同时考查学生的单词拼写能力。
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2破解英语语法填空题技巧
技巧一:名词形式变化。
名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例:There are many students living at school,the (child) houses are all farfrom schoo1.由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数,且作为houses的定语,所以应用其所有格形式,故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格children’s。
技巧二:动词形式变化。
动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气),有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。
例:A talk (give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.句中的iswritten是整句的谓语,所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出,报告是“将来”作的,故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者,故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——tobe given。
技巧三:代词形式变化。
代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类,即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化,如noone/none、other/another等。
例:The king decided to see the painter by(he).由介词by可以看出,横线处应填反身代词himself。
3高中英语语法填空解题方法
冠词
名词前设空必须假设是否填入冠词,可翻译成“这,那,这些”符合逻辑的,尽量回避this,that,these等。应该填冠词。固定搭配除外。还有,序数词,形容词高级前更要注意填冠词。
名词
名词复数。
1.前面有很多数量词时,one of,many,several,a few,both,dozens of等,必须用复数。
2.谓语动词是复数,必用复数。
3.后文出现they之类的复数名词暗示。
4.可数名词无限定词修饰。用复数
代词
主I宾me分场合,动介之后用宾格。
名前用my,单独mine,主宾相同要反身。
形容词,副词
比较级形式要看清楚,动词用副词修饰。副词可在动词前也可以在后。
4如何提高英语语法填空
1.考查介词,包括表时间、方位、方式的介词on,in,at,with,by,through等。如2010年高考考查了with表伴随的用法:The young man went home____35_____a happy heart.;2009年考查了介词on和at: Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes sale.,When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already table having supper.
2.考查连词,包括表转折but,while、并列and,or、因果because,so等连词。如2008年高考考查了连词but:He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy since the crop did ―grow‖ higher.
3.考查副词,包括形容词转化成副词时的一般情况及特殊情况,如warm→warmly,true→truly;―le‖结尾e改y如:possible→possibly,probable→probably等。2010年考查了副词warmly,如题:His teacher took a deep drink, smiled (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.;另外,2007年高考考查了副词merrily,如题:We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night.
4.考查形容词,一般常考查比较级或高级形式,如2010、2008年高考均考查了形容词的比较级sweeter和higher,如题:The teacher replied, ―You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container ___ (sweet).‖(2010年高考);He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did ―grow‖ (high).(2008年高考)。另外考生需注意词性转化,像过去分词用作为形容词,如experienced editors中的experienced(有经验的);或是由名词转化为形容词,如名词detail转化成形容词detailed(详细的)等。
5.考查代词,代词的种类繁多,包括人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和指示代词等,其中近年来对指示代词it在句中指代事物、不定式或从句的用法较常见,如2010和2008年高考题就考查了it代事物的用法,如题:He asked his teacher,‖ Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like 38 ?‖(2010高考), It is said that a short –tempered man in Song Dynasty was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about day and night.(2008高考)还有09高考考查了it指代不定式的用法:She remembered how difficult 31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
6.考查冠词,考生应非常明确冠词a,an,the的功用。对冠词的考查方面,2010年高考考查了定冠词the的特指用法:A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear 另外,近年来高考对冠词a基本用法的考查非常频繁。如2009年高考第33空:Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not 33 pleasant experience : people stepped on your feet or (push)you with their elbows(肘部),hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.;再如2007年高考第35空:…, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to small town some 20 kilometres away there was a garage.