英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。下面小编告诉你英语修辞格的翻译方法，大家一起来看看吧!
1) True ease in writing comes from art, not chance, as those move easiest who have learnt to dance… (Pope) 写作中运用自如的艺术，绝非偶然，正象学过舞的人步履轻松洒脱。(明喻)
2) The slave-owner’s heart was like stone, (simile) 奴隶主的心象石头。
3) Her happiness vanished like the morning dew.她的幸福像晨露一样消失了。
4) The news you bring is a dagger to my heart. 你带来的消息是一把匕在我心上的短剑。(隐喻)
5) Sometimes you go into what I call a bubble boom.有时候，你会进入一种泡沫式的繁荣。(隐喻)
6) East St. Louis High School, in fact, is the citadel of a football dynasty.东圣路易中学，事实上是一个足球王朝的堡垒。(隐喻)
7) So I shut all other thoughts and switch them onto the road mending.所以，我摒弃了一切杂念，集中精力来修路。(隐喻)
8) There are many sails along the river.河中有很多船只。(转喻)
9) Many authorities were involved in this case.很多官员卷进了这一案件中。(转喻)
10) Premier Zhou Enlai is my admiration, the boy said.那男孩说周恩来总理是他崇拜的人。(转喻)
11) Alas, that spring should vanish with the rose.啊，春天将随着玫瑰花的凋谢而消失。(转喻)
12) He had a superb confidence that fortune was always working for him;… 他信心十足地相信幸运之神一直为他效劳。(拟人)
13) Then Night, like some great loving mother, gently lays her hand at our fevered head,… 像慈爱的母亲那样，夜晚把她的手轻轻地放在我们发烧的额头上，……(拟人)
14) Fortune seems to be always bestowing his smiling on you.幸运之神似乎总是向你微笑。(拟人)
15) History will never forget that it was here that Thomas More was falsely accused and condemned.. 历史永远不会忘记就是在这里托马斯。莫尔被诬告并被处决。(拟人)
16) All of us want to escape the fact that John would never come back again.我们大家都想逃避一个事实，即约翰再也回不来了。(委婉)
17) As for me, I shall go to the courtyard with as light a heart as any child starting home for the holidays.至于我，我将怀着孩子放假回家一样的轻松心情，走到外面院子里去。(委婉)
18) More attention must be paid to the underachievers in the class.要更加关心班级里的差生。(委婉)
19) “One of my kids wrote four-letter words in his composition,” said the teacher.老师说，“我的一个学生在作文里写脏词。” (委婉)
20) Maggie smiles and the whole world is happy.麦琪一笑，整个世界都开怀。(夸张)
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2常见英语修辞格
1) Simile:(明喻)It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.
2) metaphor:(暗喻)It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.
3) Analogy: (类比)It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.
4) Personification: (拟人)It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.
5) Hyperbole: (夸张) It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.
6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述) It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.
7) Euphemism: (委婉) It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as " pass away".
8) Metonymy (转喻) It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).
9) Synecdoche (提喻) It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.
10) Antonomasia (换喻)It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.
11) Pun: (双关语) It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)
12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙) It has two connotations.
In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)
In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting, and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)
13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配) It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)
14) Irony: (反语) It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.
15) Innuendo: (暗讽) It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.
16) Sarcasm: (讽刺) It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.
17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语) It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.
18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰) It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).
19) Antithesis: (对照) It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.
20) Epigram: (警句) It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.
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3如何学习英语翻译
一、翻译是把一种语言所承载的信息用另一种语言尽可能恰当而准确地表达出来的跨文化信息传递活动，其本质是信息传递。从形式上看，翻译活动的确需要涉及两种语言文字之间的转换，而在实质上，在翻译活动的过程中，两种语言文字本身的表现形式之间没有直接的对应关系，译者是信息传递者，其所从事的活动绝不是简单、机械的两种语言文字之间的对应转换，而是借助语言这个信息载体的转换而进行的跨文化信息传递活动。
译者的工作对象是具有不同文化传统背景的两种语言及其使用者。那么，我们这里所说的跨文化信息传递活动，就是指译者在翻译的过程中，通过原语解读作者寄载于原文的各种信息，并通过译语把原文所承载的各种信息传递给译语读者，也就是译者借助两种语言作为信息载体，把原语作者明确表达的和隐含其中的消息、思想、观点、意志、情感等各种信息传递给译语读者。
这个活动涉及三个主体:原语作者、原语读者/译者、译语读者(这里的原语作者、原语读者/译者、译语读者也分别指原语说话人、原语受话人/译者、译语受话人，以后不再赘述)。首先，原语作者作为信息传递者，将自己头脑中产生的信息，以符合原语文化传统规约的表达模式寄载于原语文字(有人认为，从广义上讲，这个过程也是一种翻译过程);第二，译者作为特殊的原语读者，即信息接收者，通过原语载体获取原语作者传递的信息;第三，译者作为信息传递者，将其从原文获取的信息以符合译语文化传统规约的表达模式寄载于译语文字;最后，译语读者通过译语载体获取原语作者传递的信息。
可以看出，翻译活动始终是围绕着跨文化信息传递这个中心来进行的。因此，要想学好英语翻译，了解翻译的信息传递本质，认识自己在翻译这个跨文化信息传递活动中的作用，至关重要。
二、翻译质量的优劣，取决于译者通过原语获取信息的能力和通过译语传递信息的能力。译者必须在充分而准确地理解并获取原文所承载的显性信息和各种隐性信息的基础上，尽可能恰当而准确地用译语将原语作者意欲表达的各种信息比较完整或曰忠实地传递给译语读者。虽然绝对意义上的“完整”或“忠实”往往是不可能实现的，但是尽可能减少信息衰减，尽可能避免不必要的信息冗余，是译者义不容辞的责任。
一般说来，原文作者在将信息寄载于原语文字时，总是会预设其确定的读者对象能够根据各种共有的知识和经验，推理明了其意欲传递的信息，包括语言文字本身体现出的表层的显性信息和伴随的隐形信息。因此，译者作为一名特殊的读者，要想比较充分而准确地获取原文承载的各种信息，就应当注重知识和经验的积累，在翻译实践活动的过程中努力发挥相应的推理能力。
译者在将其从原语获取的各种信息寄载于译语时，需仔细分析两种语言载体在表达方式上的差异，避免受到两种语言文字表现形式本身的束缚，应根据具体情况，以信息传递为中心，在译文里对各种信息的比重进行恰当的调整，以便按照符合译语文化传统规约的表达方式，来确定译文中比较恰当的文字表现形式，来安排译文信息层次的顺序，使读者能够以最小的认知努力来获取最佳的语境效果，从而能够比较充分而准确地获取原文作者意欲表达的信息。
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4浅谈英语翻译技巧
1、增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。例如:
(1) To the east and the south a faint pink is spreading.
东南方呈现一抹浅红，正在向远处扩展。
(2) The sun rose thinly from the sea.
一轮红日从海边淡淡升起。
2、省译法:这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。例如:
(1) You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.
你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。(省译物主代词)
(2) I hope you will enjoy your stay here.
希望您在这儿过得愉快。(省译物主代词)
3、转换法:由于英汉两种语言在语法和表达方式等方面存在着许多差异，因此英译汉时常常有必要改变表达方式，使译文通顺流畅、地道可读。这种变通技巧就是转换法(shift of perspective)。
4、合并法:由于文化上的差异，英译汉时有时直译原文就会使译入语读者感到费解，甚至误解。这时，就有必要借用汉语中意义相同或相近、且具有自己鲜明文化色彩的表达法对原文加以归化。归化翻译法常用于处理某些英语成语、典故、形象词语等一类文化色彩较浓的表达方式。恰倒好处地归化可以使译文地道简洁、生动活泼，便于译入语读者理解和接受。例如:
as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠
at a stone's throw一箭之遥
