歌词翻译给英语学习爱好者,给翻译学习爱好者,开辟了一个全新的天地,足以让我们陶醉于美妙的音乐中,自己的英语的各种基本功底也随着飘渺的音乐“冉冉”而上,从而突飞猛进。下面小编告诉你英语歌词的翻译方法,大家一起来看看吧!
每一首歌曲,在传唱出来之前,都是作曲家和作曲家用心血换来的。既然传唱开了,就说明其歌词非常经典。这样一来,就成了最好的学习翻译的材料。首先,有必要自己在动手翻译之前,甚至在自己看这个歌词之前,把这首歌曲听上无数遍,略微了解其作曲和用词的基本风格。同时,也可以提高自己的英语听说能力。
其次,仔细分析歌词。至少要大概了解每一句歌词是什么意思。比如在“The Rose”这首歌里面,第一句话Some say love, it is a river that drowns the tender reed,有一个同学提供的译文是“有人说爱是淹没在温柔芦苇中的小河”。明显可以看出,这个译文把英语的主动句堪称了被动句,原文是说“爱是河水,淹没了柔弱的水草”,而不是“爱(被)淹没在小河中”。这就是典型的对英语句子不理解,或者说,太粗心,没有详细分析英语。同时,在这个句子中,至少我们可以学到几个稍微有难度的英语单词“drown, tender, reed”。如是推论,以后每一首歌词、每一个句子、每一个单词、每一个句型结构,都能完全把握的话。我们的英语水平是否会明显提高呢?答案是肯定的。
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2英语翻译三大原则
一、 动宾连接原则
在英译汉时,有许多翻译错误来源于动宾短语的翻译不当。许多人在翻译时常常按照原文的顺序——从左到右来确定动宾短语的翻译,即先确定动词的含义和翻译,再确定宾语的含义和翻译。但事实上,这种译法很容易造成译文的动宾短语搭配不当。我们来看一个例句:
1. We must avoid these stupid, short-sighted traps and constantly strive for an open communications system with objective information.
我们必须打破这些愚蠢而又短视的禁锢,坚持不懈地致力于建立一个公开的沟通系统,确保信息客观真实。
解析:在这个例句中,“avoid”和“traps”构成了一组动宾短语,很多考生将“avoid”翻译成“避免”,将“traps”翻译成“陷阱”,这样译文就变成了“避免陷阱”,这显然不符合汉语习惯。那我们该如何翻译这个动宾短语呢?可以试着先确定宾语“traps”的含义,然后根据原文意思选择合适的动词与之搭配。考生如果将宾语“traps”译为“陷阱”,可以把动词“avoid”译为“绕开”;如果将宾语“traps”译成“禁锢”,动词“avoid”可以译为“打破”或“冲破”。
由此可知,在翻译动宾短语时,考生应该首先根据上下文确定宾语的含义,然后再根据原文的意思选择适当的动词与之搭配——这就是笔者总结的“动宾连接原则”。为了让大家更深刻地理解这一原则,下面再举一例:
2. The power of markets and new technology, once unleashed, would address most of the world’s ills.
市场和新技术的能量一旦得到释放,将能够解决世界上的大多数问题。
解析:这个例句中的“address”和“ills”构成动宾短语。首先,我们来确定宾语“ills”的含义:它表示“烦恼,不幸”,此处可译为“问题”。然后,我们再来翻译动词“address”:“address”有“对付,处理”的含义,为了与宾语“问题”搭配得当,可将“address”译为“解决”。试想一下,如果我们首先去确定动词“address”的含义,其难度可想而知,因为“address”的含义很多,而且其作“对付,处理”解的用法在平时的学习中又比较少见。
简而言之,“先宾语,后谓语”是动宾连接原则的核心思想。在英译汉的过程中,每当翻译动宾短语时,我们都应该首先考虑宾语的译法,然后再确定动词的使用。
二、换序原则
在英译汉的过程中遇到宾语特别长的句子时,很多人往往容易根据习惯亦步亦趋地处理主、谓、宾的关系,结果导致中文译文的宾语过长,整个句子显得头轻脚重,不符合汉语习惯。要解决这个问题,大家可以采取换序原则:先把宾语译出,然后再译主语和谓语。请看下面两个例句:
3. The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China.
在新千年,经济重心将向亚洲转移,中国将迅速崛起,世界其他地区将不得不对此作出反应。
解析:这句话的谓语是“react to”,表示“对……作出反应”的意思。它所接的宾语“this millennial economic shift to Asia”和“the rising power of China”非常冗长,若按英文语序直接翻译,势必会使译文头轻脚重,影响理解。因而最好的解决方法就是进行换序:先将宾语译出,然后再对主语和谓语进行翻译。
4. The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.
研究生的存在、大学的资金偿还能力,这些都依靠项目预算。
解析:此题中的谓语是“sustain”,表示“维持”的意思。它所接的宾语“the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university”也非常冗长,故先将宾语译出,然后再译出主语和谓语,这样才能使句子结构更加清晰。
在英语中还有一类句子通常也是用换序的方式来翻译,那就是无生命主语句。无生命主语句的主要特征是:主语是动作的执行者,且主语表示的是无生命的事物。对于这类句子,最常见的译法是将主语和宾语互换翻译,使得译文符合中文习惯。请看下面一个例句:
5. From the moment we stepped into the People’s Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side.
一踏上中华人民共和国国土,我们就随时随地受到各方面的关怀和照顾。
解析:这个例句的主语是“care and kindness”,它是动作“surrounded”的执行者,但由于它表示的是无生命的概念,若按英文的“主—谓—宾”语序翻译成中文,势必会讲不通。所以,在翻译该句时,应该将主语和宾语互换翻译。
此类句子很多,下面再举几个例子,供大家仔细体会。
6. Alarm began to take entire possession of him.
他开始变得惊恐万状。
7. Later success favored me.
后来我就一帆风顺了。
8. The courage escaped from me at the moment and words also failed me.
那一刻我失去了勇气,也说不出话来了。
三、名词词组与分句相互转化原则
由于英汉两种语言在语言结构上存在差异,导致在英译汉的过程中需要经常对名词词组与分句进行相互转化,即把英文中的名词性词组译成汉语中的分句形式,或将英文中的分句形式译成中文的名词性词组,从而使译文更符合汉语习惯。二者之间的转化主要包括以下三种情况。
<1>. 5W1H形式的宾语从句→名词词组
“5W”和“1H”分别代表以字母W开头的五个疑问词(what、when、where、who、why)和以字母h开头的一个疑问词(how)。也就是说,当宾语从句的连接词为what、when、where、who、why和how等疑问词时,宾语从句经常被翻译成名词性词组。请看以下两个例句:
9. The foundations provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments will be spent, for they are based on money that otherwise would go to the government in taxes.
通过基金会,有钱人和大公司能实际支配缴纳税款的用途,因为这些税款如果不用于基金会,就会划并到政府税收中去。
解析:此处将“how their tax payments will be spent”译成“缴纳税款的用途”,即将英语中的宾语从句转化成了汉语中的名词性词组,使得译文更加简洁,语言更加符合文体。
10. The committee cannot decide who will enter for the 100-meter relay.
委员会决定不了参加100米接力赛的人选。
解析:此处也将宾语从句“who will enter for the 100-meter relay”译成了名词性词组“参加100米接力赛的人选”,使得译文更加简洁,结构比较清晰。
<2>. 表示修饰关系的of结构→主谓分句
Of 结构可能表示所属关系,也可能表示修饰关系。如果是表示修饰关系的of短语,可将其译成主谓分句,从而使译文表达的意思更加明确。请看下面一个例句:
11. At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.
由于不偏不倚的态度较为安全,所以现在人们都倾向于采取这种态度来回答问题。
解析:在名词性词组“the safety of the middle-ground reply”中,“safety”与“middle-ground reply”构成了修饰关系,此处将其翻译成主谓分句“不偏不倚的态度较为安全”,使得译文意思表达更加流畅。
12. Now, the debate has shifted away from the ethics of baby-making and toward the morality of cloning embryos.
现在,争论已经从制造婴儿是否违背伦理的层面转到克隆胚胎是否违背道德的层面上。
解析:这个例句有两个名词性词组:“the ethics of baby-making”和“the morality of cloning embryos”。在这两个名词性词组中,“ethics”与“baby-making”、“morality”与“cloning embryos”分别构成了修饰关系。若将它们译成“制造婴儿的伦理层面”和“克隆胚胎的道德层面”,意思不够明确。而将它们译成主谓分句“制造婴儿是否违背伦理”和“隆胚胎是否违背道德”,意思便清楚多了。
<3>. 多定语名词词组→主谓分句
英语中经常出现多定语的名词词组,而汉语却十分忌讳这样的表达。因而,在翻译多定语名词词组时,可以将其译为主谓分句。例如词组“a beautiful, sexy and simple woman”,若将其翻译成“一个美丽、性感、单纯的女人”的话,译文显得非常累赘。因此,通常我们都会将其译为主谓分句“这个女人漂亮、性感且单纯”,既简洁利落,又符合汉语习惯。
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3英语翻译八大注意事项
一、戒“从一而终”
汉语言简意赅,句子灵活,往往是一个汉语词汇对应N个英语词汇,具体到在本句中应该采用那个意项,务必抓住精神实质,不可以不变应万变。至于怎么应变,这就是显示译者功力的地方了。
比如:都是“问题”,下面的翻译各不相同,几乎是打一枪换一个地方。
共同关心的问题 questions of common interest
解决问题 solve a problem
问题的关键 the heart of the matter
关键问题 a key problem
原则问题 a question/ matter of principle
悬而未决的问题 an outstanding issue
没有什么问题 Without any mishap
摩托车有点问题。 Something is wrong with the motorcycle.
问题不在这里。 That is not the point.
最近揭发出相当严重的贪污、受贿和官僚主义问题。 Serious cases of embezzlement, bribery, and bureaucracy have been brought to light recently.
译者要掌握这种汉英翻译中的“游击战术”,翻译家应是不同“文化王国”边境线上的“游击战略家”。
沙博里将《水浒传》译为:Outlaws of the Marsh(沼泽地上的亡命之徒)。杨宪益译将屈原的《国殇》译为:For Those Fallen for Their Country,北外出版社将《儒林外史》译为:The Scholars。这些都是译者吃透了原文的原意而译出的佳作。
二、戒望文生义,机械直译
这多半是初学者犯的毛病,他们易于被表面现象所迷惑,做出令人啼笑皆非的事情。
黄牛(yellow cow——ox前误后正,下同)黄鹂(yellow bird ——oriole)
从小青梅竹马(green plum bamboo horse——grew up together)
黄瓜( yellow melon——cucumber) 紫菜(purple vegetable ——laver)
白菜( white vegetable ——Chinese cabbage)
红木(red wood——pad auk) 红豆杉(red fir——Chinese yew)
黑社会(black society ——sinister gang)
三、戒“水土不符”,习惯搭配失当
这的确是难度系数较大的问题,它要求译者既有较高的中文修养,又要有较高的英文造诣,一知半解的人常常在此“翻车”。如:
写罢,掷笔在桌上。又歌了一回,再饮数杯酒,不觉沉醉,力不胜酒,便呼酒保计算了,取些银子算还,多的都赏了酒保。
And tossed the pen on the table. He intoned the verses to himself, then downed a few more cups of wine. He was very dunk. Song-Jiang asked for the bill, paid, and told the waiter to keep the change.(沙博里译《水浒传·浔阳楼宋江吟反诗》)
目前,《水浒传》最好的英译本要数沙博里先生的本子了。沙博里出生在美国,青年时来到中国,一住就是半个多世纪。为了译好《水浒传》,据说他潜心研究了山东的地方志和旧时方言,可谓精诚所致,译著既“达”又“雅”。然而历史告诉我们,中国古人没有用过钢笔,宋时用的还是毛笔,故the pen 应改为the writing-brush。
白洋淀的导游牌上,“红菱”被硬硬地翻译成Red Ling。菱角有对应词的,应改为Red Water Chestnut。这里常常有外国人参观,如此翻译,令人汗颜!
下面的几段译文就较好地照顾到了西方人的思维和理解习惯。
老者道:“西方却去不得。那山离此有六十里远,正是西方必由之路。却有八百里火焰,周围寸草不生,若过此山,就是铜脑盖,铁身躯,也要化成汁哩。”
"It's impossible to get to the west," the old man replied, "The mountains are about twenty miles from here. You have to cross them to get to the west, but they're over 250 miles of flame. Not a blade of grass can grow anywhere around. Even if you had a skull of bronze and a body of iron, you would melt trying to cross them."
(詹纳尔译《西游记·孙悟空一调芭蕉扇》)
美国把贸易和人权扯在一起,只会损害两国的经济利益。
The US policy of linking trade with human rights can only bring harm to the economic interests of the two countries.
关起门来搞建设是不成的,中国的发展离不开世界。 China can't develop in isolation from the rest of the world.
四、戒主语暗淡
主语是句子的灵魂, 定住译文的主语的是关键的一步棋。主语定偏了,整个句子将显得松散乏力,甚至会误导读者。
如果这个问题不解决,势必影响两国的利益。
Failure to settle this issue is bound impair the relations between the two countries seriously.
If the problem is not solved , it is sure to affect the interests between the two countries
在上面的两种译文中,显然第一种译文主语选得好,句子流畅。
共同的利益把我们两个伟大的国家连接在一起。
What holds our two great nations together is the cement of common interests.
此句主语部分处理得颇为干练。
操吴戈兮披犀甲,车错毂兮短兵接。
We grasp huge shields, clad in Rhinoceros Hide;the Chariots clash, the Daggers gashing wide.(杨宪益译《屈原·国殇》)
屈原一开篇就“操吴戈兮披犀甲,车错毂兮短兵接”,显然需要补充应有的主语。在《国殇》诗中,后面还有“身既死兮神以灵,子魂魄兮为鬼雄”的句子,可见屈原是以“局外人”的视角来写为国捐躯的将士的,而非把自己混为军中一员。译文中的主语应改为“They”较妥。
厨房里少了一条鱼,主人发誓要一查到底,揪出偷鱼的贼。
Finding a fish in kitchen was lost, the host swore to find out the thief who stole the fish.
尽管汉语中似乎有“厨房”“主人”两个主语,译者果断地选定了the host作主语。打点清晰,增强了句子的内聚力。
夏威夷的沙滩上,椰影婆娑,海风习习,一妙龄女郎正躺在白色的塑料椅上养神。
On the Hawaiian sandy beach, the coconut palms are whirling, the congenial sea breeze is blowing, and a young lady is lying in the white plastics chair resting to restore energy.
因为是轻松读本,又是描述性的文字,使用三个主语the coconut palms、the congenial sea breeze、a young lady仍是可取的。
五、戒结构单调,组合生硬 “拉郎配”
由于汉英结构不同,表达方式迥异,“硬性翻译”不仅读起来别扭,而且会闹出笑话。这就要求译者在翻译时灵活使用整合的技巧,将句子整合,凸显汉语中所隐含的层次,补充所缺失的成分。有时要将简单句译成并列句,有时将并列句译成主从句。
在纪念大学毕业20周年聚会时,我忽然问起原来的班主任:“我个子又不矮,怎么把我安排在了第一排呢?”
At the reunion party for 20 anniversary of graduation from university, I suddenly asked my former teacher in charge of our class then:" Since I am not of short stature, how did you arrange me at the first row?"
一个高度近视的女博士去擦鞋店擦高统靴,秃头老板亲自蹲下来给她效劳。
When a woman doctor who suffers a severe myopic went to shoes-polishing shop for her buskins,the bald boss squatted down to serve her personally.
黑体字部分,正是契合了英语的表达习惯。
六、戒“愚忠”,不谙增减之道
我们耳熟能详的东西外国人可能会感到一头雾水,译者需要增加必要的说明和补充或者减译。否则,外国人会不知所云。毕竟,汉译英最终是给外国人看的。
例如:风水
fengshui——the location of a house or tomb, supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family.
例如:(美国对台)“三不政策”
会当凌绝顶,一览众山小。
One day I shall climb
Clear to the summit,
See how small surrounding
Mountain tops appear as they lie below me
(新西兰人路易·艾黎译《杜甫·望岳》)
I can't open my eyes to watch you jumping into the fiery pit, for I will shut my eyes at the time.
我不会眼睁睁看着你往火坑里跳,到时候我会闭上的。
不要嫌我黑,两眼放光辉;不要嫌我瘦,一身好精肉。
Do not Cold-shoulder me for my swarthy(黝黑的) face, but I have a pair of bright piercing(敏锐的) eyes;
Do not Cold-shoulder me for my slight figure, but I'm lean and healthy.
文中the location of a house or tomb, supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family.
on support for Taiwan independence, no support for a two-China policy, and on support for Taiwan membership in international organizations on the basis of statehood.
七、戒语句重复
汉语多重复,以强化语气;英语则要尽量避免重复。
先生曰:“狼负我,狼负我!”狼曰:“吾非固欲负汝。天生汝辈,固需吾辈食也。”
"You are an ungrateful beast," complained the man.
"Not at all," retorted the wolf, "it is not that I'm ungrateful, but you men were created for us to devour."
(颜惠庆译《马中锡·中山狼传》)
王曰:“此鸟不飞则已,一飞冲天;不鸣则已,一鸣惊人。”
"The bird may not have flown yet", replied the King,"once it does, it will soar to the sky. I may not have cried out yet, but once it does, it will startle everyone."
(杨宪益译《史记·滑稽列传》
阿凡提借了财主一锭金子,还他时给了他两锭。
Afanty borrowed a small ingot of gold from a moneybags, but repaid him two ones.
(选自艾临《幽默新大陆》)
又斗争,又团结,以斗争的手段,达团结之目的。
Unity, struggle, unity through struggle.
中国人也好,外国人也好,死人也好,活人也好,对的就是对的,不对的就是不对的。
What is right is right and what is wrong is wrong, no matter what it concerns, the Chinese or foreigners, the dead or the living.
八、戒另起炉灶,走失精气神,沦为法国作家梅纳日所批评的 “不忠的美人”——即语言优美但不忠于原文。(参见2005年08月26日《济南日报》: 艾临文章《不忠的美人与忠实的美人——写在〈每天幽它一默〉出版后》)严复在翻译《天演论》时偶 有为“雅”而不“信” (见陈廷佑《英文汉译技巧》)。译文要力求其“信”,尽可能契合汉语原来句子的气势、情绪和结构。
例如,元朝人王实甫写下了《西厢记》,张雪静改编后并作了翻译——
掏出张生那封信,回头环视见梳妆台上的梳妆盒,眼睛一转,心里说有了,将信放了进去,合上盖时故意压了一角露在外面。
Rose took out Zhang's letter, she thought, “It would be better to put it in her make-up case, and letter find it herself.” So she put the letter in the case, leaving a corner of it sticking out, so that it would be quickly noticed.
不难看出,译文与原文相去甚远,互不吻合,成了“两张皮”。
我们不希望这件事影响中美关系。
China hates to see Sino-US relations damaged by this incident.
用China hates to比“We don't hope”贴切。
吾十五有志于学,三十而立,四十而不惑,五十而知天命,六十而耳顺,七十而从心所欲不愈矩。
At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning truth; at thirty, my words deeds were appropriate; at forty, I perceived truth and doubts ceased; at fifty, I understood what heaven had mandated for mankind; at sixty, I could comply with the appointments of heaven; at seventy, I could do as my heart desired, and never swerved from the path of right.
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4英文歌曲(外文歌词及翻译)
once More
昨日重现
When I was young I'd listen to the radio
当我还年轻的时候?就喜欢收听电台广播
Waiting for my favorite songs
等我最喜爱的歌
When they played I'd sing along it made me smile
我会随之一同吟唱?这真使我高兴异常
Those were such happy times and not so long ago
那是些快乐的时光?就在不久以前
How I wonder where they'd gone
不知道为何寻它不见
But they're back again just like a long lost friend
现在它们再次出现?就像久违的老朋友
All the songs I love so well
所有的歌曲都让我喜欢
Every sha la la la …… every wo wo …… still shine
每个sha?la?la?la 每个wo?wo,依然发亮
Every shinga linga ling that they're starting to sing so fine
每个shinga?linga?ling歌声是如此的美妙
When they get to the part where he's breaking her heart
当歌儿唱到他使她伤心?
It can really make me cry just like before it's yesterday once more
我也会泪流满面,犹如昨日重现
Looking back on how it was in years gone by
回首往事?不再的岁月
And the good time that I had
想起过去的好时光?
Makes today seem rather sad so much has changed
让我徒生悲伤 世间已有太多的改变
It was songs of love that I would sing to them
听到爱情之歌?我会随之吟唱
And I'd memorize each word
诵记歌中的每字每句
Those old melodies still sound so good to me
那些陈旧的旋律?仍然悦耳动听
As they melt the years away
歌声伴我一年又一年
Every sha la la la …… every wo wo …… still shine
每个sha?la?la?la?la 每个wo?wo 依然发亮
Every shinga linga ling that they're starting to sing so fine
每个shinga?linga?ling 歌声是如此的美妙
All my best memories Come back clearly to me
所有美好的回忆?再现我的脑海?如此地清晰
Some can even make me cry Just like before It"s yesterday once more
使我伤心落泪?犹如昨日重现
Here Waiting Oceans apart, day after day, 远隔重洋,日复一日,
and I slowly go insane. 我慢慢地变得要失常。
I hear you voice on the line, 电话里传来你的声音,
But it doesn't stop the pain. 但这不能停止我的悲伤。
If I see you next to never, 如果再也不能与你相见,
How can we say forever? 又怎能说我们到永远?
Wherever you go, whatever you do, 无论你在何地,无论你做何事,
I will be right here waiting for you; 我就在这里等候你。
Whatever it takes, 不管怎么样,
Or how my heart breaks, 不管我多哀伤,
I will be right here waiting for you. 我就在这里等候你。
I took for granted all the times 我一直认为
That I thought would last somehow. 你我会情长义久。
I hear the laughter, 我听见你的笑声
I taste the tear, 我品尝眼泪,
But I can't get near you now. 但此刻不能接近你。
Oh,can't you see, baby, 哦,宝贝,难道你不懂
You've got me going crazy? 你已使我发疯?
Wherever you go, whatever you do, 无论你在何地,无论你做何事,
I will be right here waiting for you; 我就在这里等候你。
Whatever it takes, 不管怎么样,
Or how my heart breaks, 不管我多哀伤,
I will be right here waiting for you. 我就在这里等候你。
I wonder 我试问
How we can survive this romance, 我们如何熬过这浪漫情。
But in the end 但到最后
If I'm with you 如果我与你同在
I'll take the chance. 我要抓住这个机会。
Oh,can't you see it,baby, 哦,宝贝,难道你不懂
You've got me going crazy? 你已使我发疯?
Wherever you go, whatever you do, 无论你在何地,无论你做何事,
I will be right here waiting for you; 我就在这里等候你。
Whatever it takes, 不管怎么样,
Or how my heart breaks, 不管我多哀伤,
I will be right here waiting for you. 我就在这里等候你。
Waiting for you. 等候你。
Heart Will Go On every night in my dreams 每一个夜晚,在我的梦里
i see you, i feel you 我看见你,我感觉到你
that is how i know you go on 我懂得你的心
far across the distance 跨越我们心灵的空间
and the spaces between us 你向我显现你的来临
you have come to show you go on 无论你如何远离我
near far whenever you are 我相信我心已相随
i believe that the heart does go on 你再次敲开我的心扉
once more you open the door 你融入我的心灵
and you're here in my heart 我心与你同往
and my heart will go on and on 与你相随
love can touch us one time 爱每时每刻在触摸我们
and last for a lifetime 为着生命最后的时刻
and never let go till we're one 不愿失去,直到永远
love was when i loved you 爱就是当我爱着你时的感觉
one true time i hold you 我牢牢把握住那真实的一刻
in my life we'll always go on 在我的生命里,爱无止境
near far whenever you are 无论你离我多么遥远
i believe that the heart does go on 我相信我心同往
once more you open the door 你敲开我的心扉
and you're here in my heart 你融入我的心灵
and my heart will go on and on 我心与你同往,我心与你相依
there is some love that will not go away 爱与我是那样的靠近
you're here there is nothing i fear 你就在我身旁,以至我全无畏惧
and i know that my heart will go on 我知道我心与你相依
we'll stay forever this way 我们永远相携而行
you are safe in my heart 在我心中你安然无恙
and my heart will go on and on我心属于你,爱无止境