助动词用来构成时态和语态。 助动词具有语法意义，但没有词汇意义，不可单独作谓语。它没有对应的汉译，下面小编告诉你初中英语助动词have的用法，大家一起来看看吧!
初中英语助动词have的用法:
1. have +过去分词，构成完成时态。如:
He has left for Japan. 他已去了日本。
We’ve just done the washing-up. 我们刚洗完碗碟。
Poor Jim has just had an accident. 可怜的吉姆刚出了个事故。
I have had this car for three years. 这辆汽车我已用了3年了。
By the end of last month, they had finished the work. 上月未他们就已经完成了工作。
2. have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时。如:
I have been studying English for 8 years. 我学英语已达八年了。
The children have been having a lot of run. 孩子们一直玩得很开心。
We had been doing business with each other for years before we quarreled. 在吵翻之前，我们多年来在业务上一直来往。
By this time next year, we will have been doing business with each other for 20 years. 到明年这时候，我们的业务住来就满20年了。
I woke up—I had been having a bad dream. 我醒了，我做了个噩梦。
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3. have+been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。如:
English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。
I have been made redundant, so I’m going abroad. 我被定成了超编人员，所以我打算出国。
Thousands of pounds have been spent on the new hospital. 这家新医院花费了数千英镑。
None of my friends have been invited to the party. 我的朋友中没有一个被邀参加晚会。
All means have been used to get him to change his mind. 为了转变他的想法，所有的办法都用过了。
have 的用法要点:
1. 表示状态(如表示拥有、患病等)或表示“必须”(即用于 have to)时，在用法上应注意以下几点:
(1) 不用于进行时态或被动语态。如:
误:We are having a piano. / A bad cold is had by him.
(2) 在否定句或疑问句中，可以不用助动词do(在非正式文体中可在have之后加got)(主要见于英国英语中)，也可用助动词do(主要见于美国英语中)。如:
He hasn’t (got) a computer.=He doesn’t have a computer. 他没有电脑。
在非正式的美国英语中，有时也用 have got 的形式，且有时还可将 have 省去。如:
I (‘ve) got a problem. 我有个问题。
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(3) 即使在英国英语中，若指经常性的现象，也通常用助动词 do 来构成疑问式和否定式。且不与got搭配;若指暂时现象，则不用助动词do来构成疑问式和否定式，且可以与got连用(注:在美国英语中则无此区别，一般都用do构成疑问式和否定式)。如:
Have you (got) a cold now? 你感冒了吗?
Do you often have colds? 你感冒了吗?
I haven’t got to work tomorrow. 我明天不必上班。
I don’t usually have to work on Sundays. 星期天我通常不必上班。
(4) 表示“拥有”时，构成否定式有两种可能:若其后的名词没有限定词修饰，则通常用 have no;若有限定词(如a, any, much, many, enough等)修饰。则通常用 have not。如:
I have no friends. / I haven’t any friends. 我没有朋友。
He hasn’t much money. 他没有很多钱。
2. 表示动作，如表示“吃(=eat)”“喝(=drink)”“拿(=take)”“收到(=receive)”“度过(=spend)”等时，在用法应注意以下几点:
(1) 可用于进行时态，但一般不用于被动语态。如:
误:Lunch is had by him.
正:He is having lunch. 他在吃中饭。
(2) 不与 got 连用。如:
误:I’d like to have got a look at it.
正:I’d like to have a look at it. 我想看看它。
(3) 一般不用缩略式。如:
误:We’d a good time at the party.
正:We had a good time at the party. 我们在晚会上玩得很高兴。
(4) 构成否定式和疑问式时，必须用助动词 do。如:
误:When had you breakfast?
正:When did you have breakfast? 你什么时候吃早餐?
shall have done的用法说明:
■关于 shall have done 结构，大家对它最熟悉的用法是表示“将来完成时”，此时的 shall 是助动词(shall用作助动词时，其主语通常只限于第一人称)。如:
I shall have finished tomorrow. 明天我就会完成了。
By that time, I shall have retired. 那时候，我将已经退休了。
We shall have finished by Friday. 到星期五我们就会完成了。
I shall have repaired it by the end of the week. 我将于本周末把它修好。
I shall have finished the work by the time you come back. 你回来时，我会已经把工作完成了。
When I have done that, I shall have done all I was supposed to do. 我做完这件事，就做了我全部应做的事了。
He said, “I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week.” 他说道，“我将于这个周末前读完此书。”
■其实shall除用作助动词外，还可用作情态动词，表示意志或决心、告诫或命令 、答应或许诺、威胁或恫吓、责任或规定等(shall用作情态动词时，其主语可以根据需要使用不同人称)。如:
You and she shall leave tomorrow. 你和她明天必须离开。
Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 试卷全部收回后应试人才可离开座位。
I said you could go, and so you shall. 我说了你可以，你就一定可以去。
You shall have a new dress for your birthday. 你过生日会得到一件新连衣裙。
He shall answer for his misdeeds. 他应当为他的错误行为负责。
The penalty shall not exceed two years in prison. 惩罚不应超过两年监禁。
Persons under 18 shall not be employed in night work. 不满18岁的人不得雇佣干夜间工作。
■关于 shall 用作情态动词的用法，大家见得比较多的是shall后接动词原形的用法，其实也可后接完成式。如:
All foreign residents shall have reported to the nearest police station by September 20. 所有外籍居民必须于9月20日起到最近的派出所去一趟。——摘自《张道真英语语法》
■在 Every bill, which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States……这个句子中，两个shall均为情态动词，表示规定(意为“必须”)。句子大意为:每一项法案必须经过众议院和参议院的审议通过，并且在正式成为法律之前，还必须呈送美国总统……
句中之所以在前一处用shall have passed，后一处用shall be presented，是因为两者之间有先后关系，即法案必须先经过众议院和参议院的审议通过，然后再呈送美国总统。
助动词的省略:
在口语中有时可以省略句中的助动词。如:
You better try again. 你最好再试试。
分析:you之后省去助动词had。
You doing this on purpose? 你是故意在做此事?
分析:you之后省去助动词are。
They been coming here a long time. 他们很久都想到这里来。
分析:they 后省去助动词have。
