助动词用来构成时态和语态。 助动词具有语法意义，但没有词汇意义，不可单独作谓语。下面小编告诉你英语中do助动词的用法，大家一起来看看吧!
英语中do助动词的用法:
1.表示强调
可以用「do + 动词原型」来表示强调。看下面的句子:
Do write and let me know how you're getting on. 务必写信告诉我你的情况。
Do stay and have dinner with us. 一定得留下来和我们一起吃饭。
Your garden does look nice. 你的花园的确很漂亮。
My memory isn't very good, but I do remember what she was wearing.
我记忆力不太好,但我确实记得她穿了什么。
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2.用来表示「足够」「适合」
同样是高中英语知识点,DO 的这一层含义常出现在语法单选题里。但在日常的对话中的确很常用。
关于「足够」,你可能想到了 be enough,或者动词 suffice;关于「适合」,你可能想到了 be suitable /appropriate 等等;
但在口语里,一个 DO 就足够了,看下面的句子:
—— Can you lend me some money? 你能借我点钱吗?
—— Certainly, will £10 do? 当然,10英镑够吗?
The box will do fine as a table. 那个盒子当桌子刚刚好。
Will next Friday do for our meeting? 我们的会议下星期五开行吗?
This room will do us very nicely. 这个房间非常适合我们。
These shoes won't do for climbing. 这些鞋不适合登山。
DO 的这一层含义常常使用 will do 这样的组合。
3.万能动词
在口语里,有时要是找不到合适的动词,那就尝试着用 DO 吧。看了下面的这些「万能用法」 你就知道 DO 的魔力了:
do a song 唱一首歌
do a dance 跳一支舞
do a movie 看一场电影
do lunch 吃午饭(三餐前不加冠词)
do the dishes 洗盘子
do the bedroom 整理房间
do the hair 整理头发
do the laundry 洗衣服
do chicken 烹饪鸡肉
当然还有「do + 动词ing」这样的「万能组合」
do the cleaning 打扫卫生
do the cooking 做饭
do the shopping 购物
4. 各种「短语动词」
DO 的后面跟上不同介词、副词之后可以延伸出许多简单生动的「短语动词」,一起来看下面的这些句子:
A lot of the restrictions on imports have been done away with.
许多对进口的限制已经取消了。
What I do on my own time has nothing to do with you. 我私人时间干什么都和你没有关系。
5.各种口语短句
再来看和 do 相关的那些常用口语短句,同样非常具有「表现力」:
—— Can you lend me ten dollars? 你能借我10美元吗?
—— Nothing doing! 没门!
That'll do, children ― you're getting far too noisy. 歇歇吧,孩子们,你们太吵了。
That does it! I've had enough of your sarcasm. I'm leaving.
够了!你那些挖苦人的话我已经受不了啦,我走!
助动词 do 在祈使句中的强调用法:
有时可在祈使句前加上助动词do (常重读)，以表示说话人想特别强调他所说的话。这样用的祈使句具有以下用法:
1. 表示强调的请求。如:
Do come with us. 请一定要和我们一起去。
Please! Do be quiet a moment! 求求你们! 安静一会儿!
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2. 表示委婉或客气。如:
Do try this fish. 请尝尝这鱼。
Do have another cup of coffee. 请再喝杯咖啡吧。
3. 表示不耐烦。如:
Do stop talking! 别说啦!
4. 希望说服对方。如:
Do help me with this maths problem. 务请帮我解答这道数学题。
助动词be的用法:
1. be +现在分词，构成进行时态。如:
They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。
We were planting trees this time yesterday. 我们昨天这个时候在植树。
2. be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。如:
The door was broken by Tom. 门是汤姆打破的。
English is taught in our school. 我校教英语。
3. be + 动词不定式，可表示:
A. 打算、决定、计划、安排等。如:
He is to visit Japan next week. 他决定下周访问日本。
I was to have told you yesterday, but you were not in. 我本打算昨天告诉你的，但你不在家。
B. 指示、命令、禁止等，即“必须，一定”。如:
You are to hand in the exercises tomorrow. 你们明天必须交练习。
You’re not to (=You mustn’t) smoke here. 你不可以在此处抽烟。
C. 责任、义务、需要，即“该不该”。如:
You are to (=should) report to the police. 你应该报警的。
Am I to go on with the work? 这工作我该不该继续干下去?
D. 可能性，与can, may相当，不定式多用被动式。如:
The book was not to (=could not) be found. 那本书可能找不到了。
E. 假设，用于虚拟条件句中。如:
If it were to rain, we would get wet. 要是下雨，我们就会淋湿。
F. 表示注定要发生或后来必然发生。如:
This experience was to change his life. 这次经历注定要改变他的生活。
注:不定式作表语与上述用法是不同的。如:
My idea is to go there today. 我的意思是今天就去那里。
助动词have的用法:
助动词have以及它的变体has, had等的主要用法如下:
1. have +过去分词，构成完成时态。如:
He has left for Japan. 他已去了日本。
We’ve just done the washing-up. 我们刚洗完碗碟。
Poor Jim has just had an accident. 可怜的吉姆刚出了个事故。
I have had this car for three years. 这辆汽车我已用了3年了。
By the end of last month, they had finished the work. 上月未他们就已经完成了工作。
2. have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时。如:
I have been studying English for 8 years. 我学英语已达八年了。
The children have been having a lot of run. 孩子们一直玩得很开心。
We had been doing business with each other for years before we quarreled. 在吵翻之前，我们多年来在业务上一直来往。
By this time next year, we will have been doing business with each other for 20 years. 到明年这时候，我们的业务住来就满20年了。
I woke up—I had been having a bad dream. 我醒了，我做了个噩梦。
3. have+been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。如:
English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。
I have been made redundant, so I’m going abroad. 我被定成了超编人员，所以我打算出国。
Thousands of pounds have been spent on the new hospital. 这家新医院花费了数千英镑。
None of my friends have been invited to the party. 我的朋友中没有一个被邀参加晚会。
All means have been used to get him to change his mind. 为了转变他的想法，所有的办法都用过了。
