英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。下面是高中英语动词用法讲解，大家一起来看看吧!
高中英语动词用法讲解:
(l)一般现在时态
1)表示现在的动作或状态。如:
They are in the classroom. 他们在教室。
He is an English teacher in a middle school.
他是一位中学英语老师。
2)表示现在习惯性的动作。如:
I usually look through the newspaper after supper. 我一般晚饭后看报纸。
He goes to see his father every week.
他每周都去看他的父亲。
3)表示不变的真理或事实。如:
Light travels faster than sound.
光速比声速快。
The earth runs around the sun.
地球绕太阳转。
4)表示将来
A.如果主句为将来时态(包括含can的句子和祈使句)，时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中的谓语动词用一般时态表示将来。如:
You can do the work better if you are more careful. 如果你再仔细些你会把工作做得更好。
I will tell him everything when I meet him next time.下次碰到他我会把一切都告诉他的。
B.表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，句中要有一个表示未来时间的状语。如:
The train to Guangzhou leaves at seven this evening. 去广州的火车晚上7点开车。
School begins at ten to three in the afternoon after May Day. 五一以后学校下午2∶50上课。
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(2)现在进行时
1)表示现在或在这一阶段正在进行的动作。如:
The students are having English class in the classroom.学生们正在教室里上英语课。
How are you getting along with your study these days?你最近学习怎么样?
2)一些表示位置移动的动词可用进行时态表将来，这些词常见的有come, go, arrive, reach, leave, move, start, begin, get, stay等。如:
Where are you staying in Xi’an during your stay there? 去西安时你将住在哪儿?
I didn’t know he was coming this afternoon.
我原来不知道他今天下午要来。
3)与always，often:usually等副词连用表示动作的重复。如:
You must not be always translating every- thing into your own language when you study a foreign language.当你学外语时，你不能总是把每句话都译成你自己的语言。
He can often be seen sitting at a desk writing something.经常会看到他坐在桌子旁写东西。
注意:下列几组词不能用于进行时态:
A.瞬间动词，如give，get，end，receive,
accept, permit, allow, refuse, decide等。
B.感官动词，如: see， hear， look， feel，smell，sound, need, remain等。
C.表情感的动词，如:love，hate，prefer, please, forget, believe, want, mind, agree, wish, mean, need, remember 等
D.表状态的动词，如:stand, lie , seem, appear, exist, remain等。
(3)一般过去式
1)表过去的动作或状态。如:
The peasants lived poorly at that time.
那时候农民生活很贫穷。
Mary left school last year and is now learning Chinese here.
玛丽去年毕业，现在正在这里学习汉语。
2)表过去的习惯动作，常与always，often，usually等副词连用。如:
We usually swam in the river when we were children. 孩童时我们常在河里游泳。
He often came to my help when I was in trouble. 当我遇到麻烦时他总是来帮助我。
应该注意，在谈到已死的人的情况时，多用一般过去时态。
英语动词时态一般将来时:
一、一般将来时的构成
一般将来时的由shall / will+ 动词原形构成。
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二、一般将来时的基本用法
(1) 表示单纯的将要发生的动作或情况。常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如:
Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天是星期天。
They say that it will rain. 他们说要下雨。
I’ll be thirty-seven on my next birthday. 到下次生日, 我就三十七岁了。
We won’t be free tonight. 今晚我们没空。
(2) 也可以表示临时决定要做的事。如:
— I thought I asked you to sweep the floor.
—Oh, I’m sorry. Mother, I will do it right now.
—我原以为我让你扫地了。
—噢，对不起，妈妈，我就做。
—You have left the door open.
—Oh, so I have. I’ll go and lock it.
—你忘了锁门。
—哦，是的。我就去。
(3) 有时虽没有时间状语，但从意思上可以判断指将来的动作。如:
Who will take the chair? 谁当主席?
You will pass the examination. 你会通过那个考试的。
The meeting won’t last long. 会开不了多久。
(4) 一般将来时有时还表示倾向和习惯性。如:
Oil will float on water. 油总浮在水面上。
Fish will die without water。鱼离开水就会死掉。
The machine won't work because of a faulty connection. 机器电源线接错了,所以开不动。
三、表示将来时的几种方法
(1) be going to+动词原形。
①主要表示预先经过考虑的计划或打算。如:
I’m going to make a dress with the cloth I bought yesterday. 我打算用昨天买的布做个裙子。
We are not going to stay there long. 我们不准备在那里久待。
Where are you going to spend your holidays?你准备去哪儿度假?
②表示有迹象表明要发生某事。如:
Look at the black clouds— It is going to rain.看那乌云— 天要下雨了。
There’s going to be a lot of trouble about it. 这事肯定会有许多麻烦。
Li is putting on weight. She’s going to be quite fat. 李的在体重增加，她会很胖的。
(2) be to+动词原形
主要表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作。如:
He is to leave for Beijing tomorrow. 他决定明天去北京。
I’m to have coffee with my friend this afternoon. 今下午我要和我朋友去喝咖啡。
When are you to hand in your paper? 你的论文什么时候交上来?
表示必须、有义务要进行的动作。如:
The mail is to be handed to him in person. 邮件得亲自交给他。
Nobody knew what are to be done. 没人知道该怎么办。
有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性等，如:
You are to make the necessary changes.你要做出必要的改变。
Tell him he’s not to be late next time. 告诉他下次不准迟到。
Such books are to be found in any library. 这种书哪个图书馆都找得到。
英语动词时态过去将来时:
一、基本结构
would+动词原形。
二、基本用法
(1) 表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事情。常用于宾语从句中。如:
He said he would come. 他说他要来。
He told us he would go with us. 他告诉我们他会和我们一起去。
They were sure that they would win. 他们坚信他们会赢。
【注】在一定的语境中也可于其他从句或句子中:
It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
It was six o’clock. The sun would soon set. 这时是六点钟。太阳即将落山。
(2) 过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。如:
Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with the housework. 他一有时间就帮妈妈做家务活。
(3) 还可用来表示愿望或倾向。如:
He told me that the machine wouldn’t work. 他告诉我机器开不动。
We knew that he would never permit such a thing. 我们知道他决不会允许发生这样的事。
三、过去将来时间的几种常见表达方式
(1) was (were) going to+动词原形。
①表示过去某时准备做某事。如:
Marsha said she was going to have a try. 玛莎说她准备试试。
He was going to leave when I came in. 我进来时他正要离开。
②was going to有时可表示过去未曾实现的想法或打算。如:
I was going to see you last night, but I was too busy. 我昨晚本想去看你的，但太忙了。
(2) was (were)+不定式。
①表示定于过去某时将要做某事。如:
He told me that we were to leave at 2:30pm.他告诉我我们下午两点半动身。
He was to meet her at 10 outside the cinema. 他约定和她10点钟在电影院外见面。
②若表示过去没有实现或被取消的计划，则用was (were) to+动词完成式。如:
We were to have left at 6 last night. 我们本来计划昨晚6点离开的。
(3)was / were about+不定式在过去正要做某事。如:
I was just about to start when it began to rain. 我正要动身，这是天下起了雨。
The manager was about to leave when his secretary called him back. 经理快要离开时,他的秘书叫住了他。
(4) 用一般过去时表过去将来时。如:
Our teacher told us that school began on September 1. 老师告诉我们九月一号开学。
(5) 用过去进行时表将来时。如:
I didn’t know when you they were coming again.
(6) was (were) due to表示定于过去某时将要做某事。如:
They were due to leave at ten o’clock. 他们定于十点出发。
英语动词时态过去进行时:
1. 构成
was / were+动词的现在分词。
2. 基本用法
(1) 表示过去某一时间点或一段时间正在进行的动作。如:
What were you doing this time yesterday? 你昨天这个时候在干什么?
Granny fell asleep when she was reading. 奶奶看书时睡着了。
He was writing a book about grammar last year, but I don’t know whether he has finished it.他去年在写一本语法方面的书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了。
What were you talking about just now? 你们刚才在谈什么?
He was working from 7 to 11 last night. 昨晚他从七点一直工作到十一点。
(2) 过去进行时与 always, forever, continually等副词连用，表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等表示感情色彩。如:
My brother was always losing his keys. 我哥哥老是丢钥匙。
The boy was continually asking the same question. 这个男孩子老是问同一个问题。
(3)动词wonder, hope, think, want等的过去进行时表示语气委婉、客气。如:
We were wondering if you would stay with us for lunch. 我不知你能否留下来和我们一起吃午饭。
I was hoping you give me a chance to try the job. 我很希望你给我一个机会来试一试这个工作。
(4)过去进行时表将来。如:
—What were you doing when he came to see you?
—I had just finished my homework and was leaving to
He said his brother was leaving for Japan tomorrow. 他说他哥哥明天要去日本。
3. 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别
(1) 过去进行时通常表示一个过去正在进行的动作;而一般过去时则通常表示一个过去已经完成的动作。如:
I was reading the newspaper last night. 我昨晚在看书。(不一定看完)
I read the newspaper last night. 我昨晚看了报纸。(已经看完)
He was building a model ship out of wood. 他在那里修一座桥。(不一定建成)
He built a model ship out of wood. 他用木头造了个模型船。(已建成)
(2) 少数动词如rain, snow, cough, wear, feel, work等的一般过去时并不表示动作完成，这时用两种时态都可以，且含义区别不大。如:
It snowed / was snowing all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雪。
She didn’t feel / wasn’t feeling well that day. 那天她感到不太舒服。
The child coughed / was coughing all night. 这孩子咳嗽了一整夜。
