情态动词must, will, would, ought to, should, can, could, may, might都有表推测的用法，除了can只用于现在或过去时间外，其它各词都可以对过去、现在或将来的情况是否发生，做出语气强弱不同的猜测。下面小编告诉你高中英语情态动词表推测的用法，大家一起来看看吧!
高中英语情态动词表推测的用法:
一、确定被猜测时间，正确判断动词时态形式。
1.对现在或将来的情况进行猜测，用“情态动词+do”的形式;对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行猜测，用“情态动词+be doing”的形式。如:
①He may/ might come tomorrow.明天他可能会来。(将来)
②He may/ might know it.他可能知道这事。(现在)
③He may/ might be waiting for you now.他可能正在等你。(现在进行)
④He may/ might be waiting for you when you get there tomorrow.明天你到那里时，他可能会在等着你。(将来进行)
2. 对过去或已发生的情况进行猜测，用“情态动词+have done”的形式;对过去进行或现在完成进行的情况进行猜测用“情态动词+have been doing”的形式。如:
①He might have seen the film yesterday.昨天他可能已看了那部影片了。(过去)
②He may/ might have arrived in Beijing by now.现在他可能已到达北京了。(现在完成)
③He might have been waiting for you when you phoned him.你给他打电话时，他可能已在等你了。(过去完成进行)
[图片0]
二、把握猜测语气特点，选择恰当情态动词。
1. 熟记情态动词的语气特点和用法限制。
1)表示肯定的猜测时，各情态动词语气强弱如下:
最强——must(一定)
will (很有可能)
would(很有可能)
ought to(应该，很有可能)
should(应该，很有可能)
can(可能)
could(可能)
may(可能)
最弱——might(可能)
2)表示否定的猜测时can't / couldn't语气最强，指“不可能”;may / might not语气最弱，意思是“可能不”。
3)一些情态动词表猜测时的用法限制。
must只用于肯定句;
may/ might一般不用于疑问句;
could可用于各种句式;而can多用于否定句、疑问句，用于肯定句时，多指“客观可能性”。如:
Lightning can be very dangerous.闪电可能会非常危险。
2. 把握题干猜测语气的强弱。
题干中如果有客观依据，应该选择猜测语气最强的情态动词;如果没有客观依据，则应选择猜测语气最弱的情态动词。如:
—Are you coming to Jeff's party?
—I'm not sure. I ________go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would
C. should
本题中的猜测没有客观依据。说话人对是否会去参加聚会还没拿定主意，去听音乐会也仅仅是有可能而已。因此，应选语气最弱项，答案为D。
另外，在特定的语境中，一些“情态动词+have done”不再对一件事情是否发生进行猜测，而是对已发生的事表达自己的看法，有时具有一定的感情色彩。
①ought to/ should have done本该做(却未做);oughtn't to/ shouldn't have done本不该做(却做了)，含有“责备”之意。如:
You shouldn't have done that; I had warned you of that several times.我已多次警告你，你本不该那么做的。
②might have done本可以做(却没有)，有时表示很委婉的责备。如:
You might have phoned me, though you were busy then.你再忙也该给我打个电话。
③could have done本可能(却没有)如:
He could have caught the early bus, but he was delayed by helping a stranger.他本能够赶上早班车;他是因为帮一个陌生人而晚点的。
④would(not) have done本想做(却没做)/本不想做(却做了)。如:
I would have helped you, but I was too busy.我本想帮你，可我太忙了。
高考英语情态动词命题规律探究:
1. 在语境中考查情态动词的用法
综观历年高考英语情态动词的考查情况，有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境中的运用，即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思，同时结合句意，就可作出正确选择。如:
(1) In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you _______ take care of your luggage. (北京卷)
A. can B. may C. must D. will
答案为C。分别将四个选项代入句中，显然只有must使句子意思最通顺。句意为:在像机场和火车站这样的比较拥挤的地方，你必须要看好自己的行李。
(2)—What do you think we can do for our aged parents?
—You _______ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. (重庆卷)
A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to C. mustn’t D. can’t
答案为A。将四个选项分别代入句中，显然只有A最合适。don’t have to意为“不必”。全句意为:你不必做什么，只需陪陪他们，真诚地对待他们。
[图片1]
2. 考查“情态动词+完成式”的用法
“情态动词+完成式”是高考英语一个十分重要的高频考点，但许多考生由于没有意识到这一点，同时对这类结构的用法没有掌握好，所以常常丢分。对于这一考点，考生首先要明白:当谈论过去情况，对过去情况进行推测或表示责备时，英语必须要用“情态动词+完成式”结构。一般说来，这类考题的选项通常可分类两类，一类是“情态动词+动词原形”，一类是“情态动词+完成式”。做题时，同学们首先根据句子上下文的时间关系，确定谈论的是现在情况还是过去情况，从而据此排除两个选项，然后根据句子语境排除另一个选项。如:
(1)—Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
—You _______ it in the wrong place. (江西卷)
A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put
答案为D。根据I remember I put it here yesterday可知，put用的是一般过去时，也就是说空格处是对过去情况作推测，故可排除A和C。再根据should have put(本来应该放在)和might have put(可能已放在)的不同意思和句子语境可知，此题应选D不能选B。
(2) This cake is very sweet. You _______ a lot of sugar in it. (辽宁卷)
A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put
答案为D。既然蛋糕太甜了，说明“放糖”这个动作已属过去，即此处谈的过去的情况，故可排除A和C。再根据句意可确定答案为D。
3. 考查情态动词所使用的特定句型
有的情态动词在句型使用方面有其特定的习惯，这往往是高考英语命题的一个切入点。如must表示肯定推测时，它只用于肯定句，不用于否定句或疑问句，但表示“必须”时，却可用于否定句或疑问句;又如can表示推测时，通常不用于肯定句，但表示能力时，则又可以用于肯定句。不过，这里要特别提醒同学们的是，有些情态动词所用句型规则中有一些特例，如can表推测时通常不用于肯定句，但有一种特例，就是它可以用于肯定句中表示理论上的推测，通常译为“有时”“时常”。如:
In winter the winds can be pretty cold. 冬天风有时很冷。
Children can be very tiring. 孩子们有时候可以让你很伤脑筋。
请看下面的考题:
(1) The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _______be very slow. (浙江卷)
A. should B. must C. will D. can
答案为 D。can在此表示理论上的推测，可译为“有时”。全句意为:World Wide Web(互联网)有时被人们开玩笑地称为World Wide Wait(全世界都在等)，因为它有时会很慢。
(2) Some aspects of a pilot’s job _______ be boring, and pilots often _______ work at inconvenient hours. (湖南卷)
A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must
答案为A。第一空填can，表示理论上的推测，意为“有时会”;第二空填have to指客观上的要求使得飞行员不得不这样做。
情态动词后必须接动词原形吗:
▲情态动词后必须接动词原形，不能接带to不定式或动名词等。如:
我们应当学讲流利正确的英语。
误:We must to learn to speak English fluently and correctly.
误:We must learning to speak English fluently and correctly.
正:We must learn to speak English fluently and correctly.
▲注意，我们说的“动词原形”指的是紧跟在情态动词后面的那个动词用原形。事实上，情态动词后面的动词可用进行式、完成式、被动式等，只要保证第一个词是“原形”就行了。如:
She might be waiting for you. 她可能在等你。
You must have seen him. 你一定见过他了。
She may have missed her train. 她可能误火车了。
The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不通了。
The door must have been locked by my wife. 门一定是我妻子锁的。
情态动词考点精确模拟训练:
1. —I thought you wouldn’t mind.
—Well, as a matter of fact I don’t, but you _______ me first.
A. should ask B. should have asked
C. must ask D. must have asked
2. —I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.
—Oh, it _______ my aunt Jean.
A. must be B. must have been
C. might be D. can have been
3. That car nearly hit me; I _______.
A. might be killed B. might have been killed
C. may be killed D. may been killed
4. He _______ the test again, in which case, his mother will be very disappointed.
A. might fail B. must have failed
C. should fail D. could have failed
5. —Why didn’t she come to the meeting yesterday?
—I’m not so sure. She _______ ill.
A. should be B. should have been
C. must be D. might have been
6. Why did you just sit and watch? You _______ me.
A. could help B. should help
C. could have helped D. must have helped
7. We _______ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.
A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
8. — I think I’ll give Bob a ring.
— You _______. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.
A. will B. may C. have to D. should
9. — What’s the name?
— Khulaifi. _______ I spell that for you?
A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might
10. If it were not for the fact that she _______ sing, I would invite her to the party.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not
11. — Must he come to sign this paper himself?
— Yes, he _______.
A. need B. must C. may D. will
12. —May I smoke here?
—If you _______, choose a seat in the smoking section.
A. should B. could C. may D. must
13. — Could I have a word with you, mum?
— Oh dear, if you _______.
A. can B. must C. may D. should
14. We hope that as many people as possible _______ join us for the picnic tomorrow.
A. need B. must C. should D. can
15. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _______ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
A. should have taken B. could have taken
C. needn’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken
16. The teacher _______ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose.
A. should B. can C. would D. must
17. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where _______ I have put it?
A. can B. must C. should D. would
18. The biggest problem for most plants, which ___ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.
A. shan’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
19. — She looks very happy. She _______ have passed the exam.
— I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.
A. should B. could C. must D. might
20. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _______ have driven her there.
A. could B. must C. might D. should
【答案详解】
1. B。should 后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事，结果未做”，此处含有责备之意。but you should have asked me first的意思是“你本来应该先问我一声的”。
2. B。对过去情况的肯定推测，宜用“情态动词 + 动词完成式”，再根据句意，可确定答案为B。注:can 表示推测通常不用于肯定陈述句。
3. B。表示过去可能发生而实际上未发生的事，用“might +动词完成式”，不用“may+动词完成式”。若只是推测过去可能已经发生的事，则可用“may [might] + 动词完成式”，如:He may [might] have gone. 他可能已经走了。
4. A。根据下文的 will be 可知，“他考试不及格”是将来的事，据此可排除B和D。再根据语意，排除C。
5. D。从时间上看，由于是昨天没来开会，所以推测“他生病”也应是昨天，故排除A和C。从语境上看，既然上文说I’m not so sure，那么说明说话者对自己的推测没有很大把握，故选D。
6. C。根据上文的过去时态可知，此句谈的是过去的事，故排除A和C。根据语境排除D。You could have helped me的意思是“你本来可以帮帮我的(但你却没有帮)”。
7. B。比较:needn’t have done意为“本来不必做某事”，may not have done意为“(过去)可能没有做某事”，shouldn’t have done意为“本来不应该做某事”(must表推测时不用于否定式)。根据句意，显然只能选B。
8. D。将四个选项分别置于句中，比较句意的通顺性，可知填should最佳。
9. A。Shall I…? 意为“要我……吗?”，又如:Shall I help you? 要不要我帮你的忙? Do you want a bath at once, or shall I have mine first? 你马上洗澡还是我先洗?
10. C。因为她“不会”唱歌，所以我才没有邀请她去参加晚会。句中填can’t最通顺。
11. B。以Must开头的疑问句，在作肯定回答时通常要用must或have to，如:Must we bring our passports with us? 我们必须带护照吗?—Yes, you must. 是的，你们必须要带。
12. D。must在此表示坚持或固执，又如:After I gave her my advice，she must go and do the opposite. 在我给她出主意之后她偏反着干。
13. B。must在此表示坚持或固执，if you must的意思是“如果你一定要说的话，你就说吧”。
14. D。can在此表示希望或建议，可译为“能够”“可以”，如:We can eat out if you like. 如你愿意，我们可以出去吃。
15. C。needn’t have done的意思是“本来不必做某事”(但实际上做了)。又如:You needn’t have been staying up so late. 你本来无需待到这么晚还不睡的。You needn’t have mentioned it. 你没有必要提及此事的。
16. D。“must+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。句意为:我想，老师一定认为约翰逊是值得教的，要不然她就不会在他身上浪费时间了。
17. A。can在此表推测，“can+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测，主要用于否定式或疑问句中。句意为:我的MP4不在包里，我会把它放到哪里去了呢?
18. B。can在此表示能力，can’t表示“不能”。此题所考查的知识点比较简单，但由于句子结构比较复杂，所以许多学生不是由于没有弄清知识点而误选，而是由于不理解句意而误选。全句意为:对于大多数植物来说，它们所面临的最大问题是(有些)动物喜欢以它们为食物，而当它们受到威胁时却不能起身逃跑。
19. C。“must+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。由于“她看上去气色不错”，而且“考试也不难”，所以她一定是通过了考试。
20. D。比较:“could+have+过去分词”的意思是“本来可以”“本来应该”“本来能够”;“must+have+过去分词”的意思是“一定已经”;“might+have+过去分词”的意思是“本来可以”“本来可能”;“should+have+过去分词”的意思是“本来应该”。根据句意，显然只有D最佳。
