过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加-ed构成(规则见后)，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。下面小编告诉你英语的动词过去分词的用法，大家一起来看看吧! 英语的动词过去分词的用法: 一、过去分词的定义及其基本形式 1.过去分词是动词的另一种非限定形式，过去分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特性，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。如: (1)spoken English 英语口语(过去分词具有形容词的特性，作定语) (2)Given more time, we could do it much better. =If we were given more time, we could do it much better. 多给点时间，我们会做得更好些。 (过去分词具有动词的特性，有自己的宾语more time，构成分词短语;过去分词短语在句中作状语，具有副词的特性。) 2.过去分词的基本形式 (1)规则动词的过去分词由动词+ed构成 (2)不规则动词的过去分词须逐个记忆。 (3)不规则动词的过去分词表示完成，如: fallen leaves =leaves which have fallen 落叶 (4)及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成，如: the machines used in the workshop =the machines which are used in the workshop 车间用的机器(及物动词的过去分词表示被动) I heard the door opened. =I heard the door has been opened. 我听见门被打开了。(及物动词的过去分词表示被动和完成)
[图片0] 二、过去分词的句法功能 过去分词是一种非谓语动词，在句中不能单独做谓语。但它具有形容词和副词的特性，故在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。 (一)定语 作定语用的过去分词如果是单个的词，就放在被修饰的词的前面;若为分词短语则放在所修饰的词的后面。如: The excited children are opening their Christmas presents. 兴奋的孩子们正在打开他们的圣诞礼物。 Some of the people invited (=who have been invited) to the party can’t come. 有些被邀请参加晚会的人不能来。 注意:(1)做定语用的过去分词通常指已完成的动作，若要表示现在进行的动作则要用过去分词的进行形式。 We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. =We must keep a secret of the things which are being discussed here. 我们必须对这里讨论的问题保密。 (2)如指未来的情况，都用不定式的被动形式。 He prepared some poems to be recited at the English evening. 他准备了几首将在英语晚会上朗诵的诗。 例 computer centre, ______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. 　　　　　　　　　 opened　　　　　 答案与简析:选D。过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于非限制性定语从句which was opened. (二)表语 Be prepared! 做好准备! Everybody got excited about the boat trip. 大家对坐船游览倍感兴奋。 注意:“be+过去分词”与被动语态的区别: “be+过去分词”表示状态;被动语态表示一个动作。如: The bank is closed now. 银行现在已经关门了。(表状态) He had been injured during the war. 他是在战争中受伤的。(表动作) (三)宾(主)语补足语 What made you so frightened? 什么使你这样惊恐? He was found injured at the foot of a cliff. 他被发现在山岩脚下受了伤。 例 managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year. out　　　　　　　　　　 out out　　　　　　　　　 carry out 答案与简析:选C。过去分词短语在定语从句中作宾补。 (四)做状语 into a peasant family (=As he was born into a peasant family), he had only two years of schooling.(由于)他出生于农民家庭，他只上了两年学。 we stand, divided we fall. =(If we are) United we stand and (If we are divided) we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。 went home exhausted. 我们筋疲力尽地回到了家里。 4.分词有时和连词一起用，相当于状语从句的省略。 Robbie had arranged for this man to come whenever (he was) needed. 罗比已安排好，随时需要这人就可以来。 例 child complained that the old man made no answer when _____ where he lived. 　　　　　　　　　　　 ask　　　　　　　　　　　 asked 答案与简析:选B。状语从句的省略when (he was) asked. 过去分词的肯定式与否定式: 1. 过去分词的肯定式就是过去分词的基本式。如: He felt himself compelled to bring this action. 他感到自己被迫进行这次诉讼。 We’ll have to get the car repaired before Tuesday. 我们必须在星期二以前把汽车修好。 She had to shout to make herself heard. 她必须大声喊才能让人听见她说话。 Looked at politically, it is an important problem. 从政治上看这是一个重要问题。 No photographer is allowed to shoot the president’s crippled walk. 不许任何摄影记者对总统的跛行拍照。 The excited children are opening their Christmas presents. 激动的孩子们正在把圣诞礼物打开。 Taken in small doses, this drug is completely harmless. 小剂量服用这种药是完全无害的。 Beaten by the police, sent to jail, Gandhi invented the principle of nonviolent resistance. 尽管受警察的殴打，被投入监牢，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。
[图片1] 2. 过去分词的否定式是在过去分词的前面加上否定词not。如: Everyone helped, John not excepted. 大家都来帮忙，约翰也不例外。 Not given enough time, he couldn’t finish the job on time. 因为没有给他足够的时间，所以他没能按时完成工作。 Not replaced by any other energy, oil is likely to be used up in the nearest future. 由于还没其他任何能源可代替，石油很可能在不久的将来被使用殆尽。 过去分词作表语和作定语的用法区别: 一、注意分清过去分词应前置还是后置 在通常情况下，单个的过去分词作定语，通常应放在被修饰名词之前。如: This part of the exam requires a written answer. 这部份考题需要书面作答。 Women are limited to the more poorly paid jobs. 女性仅限于做一些薪水较低的工作。 但是，如果是过去分词短语用作定语，应置于所修饰的名词之后。如: There is a red car parked outside the house. 房子外边停着一辆红色汽车。 The system used in this school is very successful. 这学校使用的系统很成功。 注意，有时单个的过去分词用作定语也可放在其所修饰的词语之后，出现这种情况多半是有特殊原因的，比如受过去分词修饰的名词或代词可能不适合接受前置定语的修饰，或者说话者为了强调动作的暂时性，为了句子结构的平衡，等等。如: The experience gained will be of great value to us. 取得的经验对我们将很有价值。 We couldn’t agree on any of the problems discussed. 我们未能就所讨论的任何问题达成协议。 二、注意分清用过去分词还是现在分词 有些成对使用的过去分词和现在分词(如interested与interesting)，从用法上看，它们虽然是分词的形式，但具有形容词的特点，都可用作表语和定语，注意它们在用法上的区别:过去分词通常用于说明人自身的感受，通常译为“(人)感到……的”;而现在分词则通常用于说明事物给人的感受，通常译为“令人感到……的”。如: Interested members will meet at two. 感兴趣的会员两点钟碰头。 The English language has an interesting history. 英语有一段有趣的历史。 注意，不要认为此类过去分词转化来的形容词只用于修饰人，此类现在分词转化来的形容词只用于修饰事物，其实不一定。比较: The man was really annoyed. 这个人真的生气了。 The man was really annoying. 这个人真的让人很烦。 The man was very much frightened. 这个人非常害怕。 The man was very much frightening. 这个人非常可怕。 三、注意分清是系表结构还是被动语态 过去分词用作表语时，其动作意味很弱，在功能上更接近形容词，它不仅可用于系动词be之后，也可根据需要用于其他系动词之后。如: She looked astonished at the news. 听到这消息她显得很吃惊。 It took them a long time to grow used to getting up in the middle of the night. 他们花了很长时间才慢慢地习惯于午夜起床。 被动语态中的过去分词动作意味较强，它只能与助动词be(有时可能是get)构成被动结构，不宜用于其他动词之后。如: The food was cooked last night. 饭是昨天晚上做的。 After the operation she was taken to the recovery room. 手术后，她被推进了恢复室。 所以如果语义需要，其后可以接表示动作执行者的by短语。如: When their mother was ill the children were looked after by neighbours. 孩子们的母亲生病时，他们由邻居们照顾。 比较: I was worried about you all night. 我整夜为你担心。(系表结构) I was worried by the mice all night. 我被老鼠搅扰了一整夜。(被动语态) 哪些从属连词后面可以直接用于过去分词: 根据句子意思的需要，有时可以在过去分词前加上一个合适的连词。到底哪些从属连词后面可以直接用于过去分词呢?比较常用的有: ■although Although exhausted by the climb, he continued his journey. 他虽然爬得很累，但他仍继续前进。 Although never married, they lived together as husband and wife for fifty years. 虽然从未结婚，但他们像夫妻一样在一起生活了50多年。 ■as It usually happens as described above. 情况通常就像上面描述的那样发生了。 Inflation, as measured by the retail price index, is expected to drop. 正如零售物价指数所显示的，预期通胀下降。 ■as if The lad started as if awakened from some dream. 这小伙子一惊，仿佛从梦中惊醒似的。 He was speeding down the motorway as if pursued by a demon. 他在公路上高速行驶，就像有魔鬼在追赶他似的。 ■as though / as if She smiled, as though solaced by the memory. 她笑了，仿佛在往事的回忆中得到了安慰。 ■if If accepted for this post, you will be informed within a week. 如果你被接受担任这个职务，将在一礼拜内给你通知。 The law could arrest the development of good research if applied prematurely. 如果草率施行，该法律将会阻滞高质量研究的进展。 He said they did not want war—but if attacked they would fight to the death. 他说他们不希望有战争——但一旦遭到攻击，定会战斗到底。 Condoms are an effective method of birth control if used with care. 如果使用得当，避孕套是很有效的避孕手段。 ■once once exposed to light, the film will be damaged and get useless.(= once exposed to light, the film will be damaged and get useless.) 一旦曝光，胶卷就要被损坏而不能用了。 once appointed supreme commander, he took the stem measures expected of him. 他一被任命为最高统帅之后，果然就采取了严厉的措施。 ■though I went on talking, though continually interrupted by Dassel. 我继续往下谈，尽管不断被杜塞尔打断。 ■unless The population will grow without limit unless kept in check by starvation. 人口如果不受到饥饿的抑制，将会无节制地增长。 manuscripts cannot be returned unless accompanied by a self-addressed envelope. 除非附有写明自己地址的信封，否则原稿是不能退的。 Unless otherwise specified, all fields have a maximum length of 20 characters. 每个字段的最大长度是20 个字符，除非另作说明。 ■until The virus remains dormant in nerve tissue until activated. 病毒潜伏于神经组织里直到被激活。 Grill for 15 to 20 minutes, turning occasionally until cooked. 烧烤15分钟至20分钟，不时翻转直到烧熟为止。 All the photographs in this book, unless otherwise stated, date from the 1950s. 本书所有照片，除非另有说明，都摄于20 世纪50 年代。 ■when When asked, she confirmed that she was going to retire. 有人问她时，她肯定了她将要退休。 He was reminded of his duty to speak the truth when questioned in court. 他被提醒在回答法庭问题时，有责任讲真话。 The tallest buildings in London are small when compared with the skyscrapers in New York. 同纽约的摩天大楼比较，伦敦的最高建筑物还是算矮的。 ■where The program will prompt you to enter data where required. 这个程序在必要时提醒你输入数据。 ■while While locked up in prison, she wrote her first novel. 在狱中写出了第一部小说。 While flattered I must decline to accept. 虽然我感到高兴，我却不能不婉言谢绝。 The couple took good care of the baby while occupied by their work. 这对夫妇一边工作，一边很好地照顾着婴儿。