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位置:勤学思培训网SZDFSL » 培训新闻 » 中小学 » 高考艺考辅导 » 艺考出国 » 总算领会初中英语常见动词用法辨析

总算领会初中英语常见动词用法辨析

发布时间:2023-01-30 00:34:07
学好了动词,就相当于学好了英语。的确是这样,英语动词在初中阶段可谓举足轻重。下面是初中英语常见动词用法辨析,大家一起来看看吧! 初中英语常见动词用法辨析: arrive 不及物动词,arrive in +大地点(village),arrive at +小地点(Beijing) get get to +地点名词 How do you usually get to school? reach 及物动词 She reached the office at 7 o’clock borrow 借入,常用短语:borrow sth from sb从某人那里借来某物 lend 借出,常用短语:lend sth to sb把某物借给某人 keep 借;保存 延续性动词,表示长时间的保存
[图片0] dress穿 dress sb给某人穿衣服;dress sb up 打扮某人 put on 穿上,戴上,表动作 wear 穿着,强调状态=be in see 看见,强调结果 look 看,强调动作,不及物动词,后接at才能接宾语 watch看(电视,比赛,电影) read 看书,报纸,杂志等,表示阅读 bring 带来,拿来,指从别的地方把东西带到说话人处 take 带走,拿走,表示把东西从说话人处带到远处 carry扛,搬,没有方向性, fetch 去取,去拿,表示往返拿东西 die 死,是不及物动词 Her grandfather died last year. 她的祖父去年去世了 dead 死的,形容词 Her grandfather had been dead for 2 years 她的祖父已经去世两年了 death 死亡,名词 His death was a great lose to China 他的死对中国是一个极大的损失 dying 要死的,垂死的,形容词 The poor old man was dying 那个可怜的老人快死了 cost, pay, spend用法“五辨”: 一、辨主语 虽然三者均可表示“花费”,但所用主语不同:cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it),不能是人;spend 的主语只能是人,不能是事或物;take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it),也可以是人。如: The computer cost (me) $2000. 这台电脑花了(我) 2000 美元。 It costs $1000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆车每年要花1000美元。 I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了一整天找你。 It took me an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了一个小时。 The letter took me an hour (to write). (译文同上) I took an hour to write the letter. (译文同上) 注:若 cost 不是表示“花费”,而是表示客观上地或被动地“耗费”,则也可用人作主语。如: Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year. 抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱。 二、辨宾语 cost 的宾语通常是钱,take 的宾语通常是时间,而 spend 的宾语则可以是时间或钱。如: How much did it cost to build the bridge? 建这座桥花了多少钱? It took her two hours to walk to the station. 走路去车站花了她两小时。 He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多时间读(钱买)书。 注:cost 有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的时间)。如: Making experiments like this costs much time and labour. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。 按传统语法,take 的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。如: It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱。 三、辨句型 从句型结构来看。三者的通常句型为: sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱 it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱 sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱 sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱 it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱 sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做 sb takes time (money) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事 四、辨语态 三者在表示“花费”时,cost 不能用于被动语态,take 通常不用于被动语态,而 spend 则可以用于被动语态。如: 误:Thirty dollars was cost by the coat. 误:Two hours was taken to do the work. 正:Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。 五、辨引申 三者均可用于比喻用法中,但含义不同: 1. cost 指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等)。如: Careless driving will cost you your life. 粗心开车会要你的命。 Just ring him up. It’ll cost you nothing. 给他打个电话,这不费什么事。 2. spend 表示“消耗”“用完”。如: I’ll spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌。 He spent great efforts to help me. 他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。 3. take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。如: It takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心。 It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。 It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要 3 个人。 动词hesitate用法说明: 一、基本用法 1. 犹豫,踌躇: She hesitated for a moment. 她犹豫了一会儿。 She hesitated on account of the expense. 她对费用有些犹豫。 2. 不情愿: I hesitate to disagree with you. 我不愿意和你意见相左。 I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes. 我可不大愿意花这么多钱买衣裳。 二、口语用法 在口语中用于 Don’t hesitate to do sth,主要用于鼓励某人,意思是“做某事不要犹豫”。如: Don’t hesitate to tell us if you have a problem. 你有问题就直截了当地告诉我们。 If you ever need anything, please don’t hesitate to contact me. 你若需要什么东西,请直接与我联系。 三、用法说明 1. 后接另一动词时,要用不定式,不用动名词。由于不及物,故其后接的不定式为状语,而非宾语。 2. 虽不能直接跟动名词,但后可跟“介词+动名词”。如: He hesitated to tell her. = He hesitated about telling her. 该不该告诉她,他有些犹豫。 3. 后接“介词+从句”时,有时可省略介词。如: He hesitated (about) what he should do next. 他犹豫着下一步怎么办。 4. hesitate about doing sth 与hesitate in doing sth:前者用介词 about,表示“关于”,hesitate about doing sth 的意思是“关于做某事而犹豫”;后者用介词 in,表示“在……方面”,hesitate in doing sth 的意思是“在做某事方面犹豫”。但事实上,两值得在使用时有时区别很小,常可混用(但以用about为普通)。如: No-one need hesitate about / in going to the countryside for the weekend. 使用suggest的常见错点: 错点一 误用不定式作宾语 要表示汉语的“建议做某事”,英语通常用 suggest doing sth,而不能用 suggest to do sth。如: 他建议坐飞机去,可我认为这样花费太大。 正:He suggested going by plane, but I thought it would cost too much. 误:He suggested to go by plane, but I thought it would cost too much. 汤姆建议把房子卖了,但是安表示反对。 正:Tom suggested selling the house but Ann was against it. 正:Tom suggested to sell the house but Ann was against it. 错点二 误接不定式的复合结构作宾语 汉语通常说“建议某人做某事”,但英语习惯上不能说 suggest sb to do sth,而说suggest sb’s [sb] doing sth。也就是说,suggest 后不仅不接不定式,而且也不接不定式的复合结构。如: 他建议我们早点动身。 正:He suggested that we leave earlier. 误:He suggested us to leave earlier. 当然,我们也可以用后接 that 从句的形式来表达此意思(注意谓语用 “should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式)。如: I suggest that we (should) have lunch right now. 我建议我们现在就吃午饭。 He suggests that we should all go to see the film. 他建议我们都去看电影。 比较以下同义表达: 他建议他们在没有听到事实真相之前什么都别说。 正:He suggested (should) not saying anything till they heard the facts. 正:He suggested saying nothing about it till they heard the facts. 正:He suggested that they shouldn’t say anything till they heard the facts. 错点三 混用其后宾语从句的语气 suggest 后接宾语从句时,从谓语既可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气,其区别与 suggest所表示的意思有关: 1. 若suggest 表示“建议”,则其后接的 that 从句谓语通常用“(should)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式。如: I suggested that she should go home. 我建议她回家去。 She suggested that I (should) be the leader. 她提议由我来做领导人。 2. 若suggest 表示“暗示”“意指”“表明”等义,则其后接的 that 从句要用陈述语气。如: What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。 Are you suggesting that I’m not suited for the job? 你的意思是说我不适合做这工作? 错点四 其后误接双宾语 要表示向某人提出某情况,suggest后不能接双宾语,即不能用suggest sb sth,而通常用 suggest sth to sb。如: 我向她提出一个解决问题的办法。 正:I suggested a way out to her. 误:I suggested her a way out. 若其中的直接宾语比较复杂(比如是that 从句)时,可考虑改用 suggest to sb sth。如: 我向他建议我们应该用另一种方式处理这个问题。 正:I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way. 误:I suggested him that we should tackle the problem another way. 错点五 忽略相关派生名词的相关用法 按英语习惯,suggest的派生名词suggestion也具有与其词根动词相似的用法,如当suggestion表示“建议”时,若其后接一个that引导的宾语从句,则该从句也习惯上要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。如: The suggestion that shops should open on Sundays led to a heated discussion. 关于商店星期日也应该营业的提议,引起了激烈的争论。 There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。

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