过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加-ed构成，下面小编告诉你英语动词的过去分词的用法，大家一起来看看吧!
英语动词的过去分词的用法:
一、过去分词的定义及其基本形式
1.过去分词是动词的另一种非限定形式，过去分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特性，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。如:
(1)spoken English 英语口语(过去分词具有形容词的特性，作定语)
(2)Given more time, we could do it much better.
=If we were given more time, we could do it much better.
多给点时间，我们会做得更好些。
(过去分词具有动词的特性，有自己的宾语more time，构成分词短语;过去分词短语在句中作状语，具有副词的特性。)
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2.过去分词的基本形式
(1)规则动词的过去分词由动词+ed构成
(2)不规则动词的过去分词须逐个记忆。
(3)不规则动词的过去分词表示完成，如:
fallen leaves =leaves which have fallen 落叶
(4)及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成，如:
the machines used in the workshop
=the machines which are used in the workshop
车间用的机器(及物动词的过去分词表示被动)
I heard the door opened.
=I heard the door has been opened.
我听见门被打开了。(及物动词的过去分词表示被动和完成)
二、过去分词的句法功能
过去分词是一种非谓语动词，在句中不能单独做谓语。但它具有形容词和副词的特性，故在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。
(一)定语
作定语用的过去分词如果是单个的词，就放在被修饰的词的前面;若为分词短语则放在所修饰的词的后面。如:
The excited children are opening their Christmas presents.
兴奋的孩子们正在打开他们的圣诞礼物。
Some of the people invited (=who have been invited) to the party can’t come.
有些被邀请参加晚会的人不能来。
注意:(1)做定语用的过去分词通常指已完成的动作，若要表示现在进行的动作则要用过去分词的进行形式。
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.
=We must keep a secret of the things which are being discussed here.
我们必须对这里讨论的问题保密。
(2)如指未来的情况，都用不定式的被动形式。
He prepared some poems to be recited at the English evening.
他准备了几首将在英语晚会上朗诵的诗。
例 computer centre, ______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
opened
答案与简析:选D。过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于非限制性定语从句which was opened.
(二)表语
Be prepared! 做好准备!
Everybody got excited about the boat trip.
大家对坐船游览倍感兴奋。
注意:“be+过去分词”与被动语态的区别:
“be+过去分词”表示状态;被动语态表示一个动作。如:
The bank is closed now.
银行现在已经关门了。(表状态)
He had been injured during the war.
他是在战争中受伤的。(表动作)
(三)宾(主)语补足语
What made you so frightened?
什么使你这样惊恐?
He was found injured at the foot of a cliff.
他被发现在山岩脚下受了伤。
例 managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.
out out
out carry out
答案与简析:选C。过去分词短语在定语从句中作宾补。
(四)做状语
into a peasant family (=As he was born into a peasant family), he had only two years of schooling.(由于)他出生于农民家庭，他只上了两年学。
we stand, divided we fall.
=(If we are) United we stand and (If we are divided) we fall.
团结则存，分裂则亡。
went home exhausted.
我们筋疲力尽地回到了家里。
4.分词有时和连词一起用，相当于状语从句的省略。
Robbie had arranged for this man to come whenever (he was) needed.
罗比已安排好，随时需要这人就可以来。
例 child complained that the old man made no answer when _____ where he lived.
ask asked
答案与简析:选B。状语从句的省略when (he was) asked.
动词afford的两点用法说明:
1. 与 can, be able to 等连用，表示“担负得起”某事或某物的费用、损失、后果等，或表示“抽得出”时间等，后面通常可接名词、代词、不定式等(多用于否定句或疑问句)。如:
I can’t afford (to buy) a new coat. 我没钱买件新外衣。
He can’t afford the time for it. 他抽不出时间来做此事。
He says he really can’t afford to wait another day. 他说他确实一天也不能再等了。
2. 表示“提供”“给予”，其后可以接双宾语(直接宾语通常为抽象概念)，若双宾语交换位置，要用介词 to(此时无需连用 can, be able to等)。如:
他的来访给我们带来极大的快乐。
正:His visit affords us great pleasure.
正:His visit affords great pleasure to us.
动词affect用法与语法:
1. 表示“影响”时，注意不要与意义相近的名词effect相混淆。从意义上看，affect大致相当于have an effect on。比较:
The war seriously affected petrol prices. 这场战争严重影响了汽油的价格。
The war had a serious effect on petrol prices. 这场战争对汽油价格产生了严重的影响。
2. 表示“感动”“感伤”，除用于主动语态外，还经常用于被动语态。如:
His death affected us deeply. 他的死使我们很感伤。
The sight affected her to tears. 此情此景使她感动得流泪。
We were affected by her words. 我们为她的话所感到。
3. 注意affect与influence在用法上的区别:
affect主要指一时的影响，着重影响的动作，可指一般意义的影响(不分好坏)，也可指不良影响。如:
The news did not affect her at all. 这条消息对她没有一点影响。
而influence 表示“影响”，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。如:
What you read influences your thinking. 你读的东西对你的思想有影响。
It’s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的画显然受了毕加索的影响。
动词 appear 用法与语法:
1. 表示“出现”“露面”“到达”等，是不及物动词，因此既不能后接宾语，也不能用于被动语态。如:
雨后天空出现彩虹。
正:A rainbow appeared in the sky after the rain.
误:A rainbow was appeared in the sky after the rain.
2. 表示“似乎”“好像”，是连系动词，其后可接形容词、名词、不定式等作表语。如:
He appears (to be) quite rich 他似乎相当富有。
He appears to be living in the area. 他似乎就住在这一带。
It appears a true story. 它似乎是一个真实的故事。
3. 在 it appears 后可接 that 从句或 as if 从句。如:
It appears that he forgot to sign the letter. 他似乎忘记在信上署名了。
It appears as if she’s lost interest in her job. 看来她对自己的工作已失去兴趣。
后接 that 从句时，有时可用 so, not 代之。如:
A:Are they reliable? 他们可靠吗?
B:It appears so (not). 似乎是可靠的(不可靠)。
4. 有时可与there be句式搭配使用。如:
There appears to have been an accident. 好像出了事故。
There appears to be a problem with the oil pressure. 看来是油压出了问题。
5. 比较以下同义句型:
He appears to have been waiting a long time.= It appears that he has been waiting a long time. 看来他已经等了很久了。
There appears to have been a mistake.= It appears that there has been a mistake. 看来一直就有错。
