使役动词后面均可接宾语和宾语补足语,宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词、不定式、现在分词和过去分词担任。大多数使役动词可用于被动语态。下面小编告诉你英语中动词的使动用法,大家一起来看看吧!
英语中动词的使动用法:
(一)have 使,让,不用于被动语态
+宾语+done
(1)叫、让、请别人做某事,表动作的执行者不是主语也不是宾语而是别人。 例I’ll have my bike repaired this afternoon. 今天下午我要请人修自行车。
(2)遭遇不幸事件
例He had his wallet stolen at the station. 他的钱包在火车站不幸遭窃。
+宾语+do让……做某事,动作执行者为宾语
例He had her go there. 他让她去那儿。>
+宾语+doing让……做某事,动作执行者为句子宾语,但动词必须为持续性动词,后面常接时间段。
例He had her standing in the rain for two hours. 他让她在雨中站了两个小时。
+宾语+adj./adv./prep. 促使某一动作发生
例Please have your money ready. 请准备好钱。
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(二)make 使……,有轻微强迫之意
+宾语+do,迫使某人做某事,被动语态为be made to do
例The boy made the girl cry.男孩把女孩惹哭了。
+宾语+adj./adv./prep./n.使……处于某种状态
例His illness made him very weak. 他的病使他很虚弱。
+宾语+doing使……处于某种状态,并强调动作的主动性
例The story made him feeling sad.这个故事使他很难受。
+宾语+done使处于某种状态,并强调动作的被动性
例Please speak louder to make yourself heard. 请讲大声一点以便让别人听到你。
(三)leave 让,使,带走 既可用于主动语态也可用于被动语态
+宾语+to do sth.让某人做某事,强调未来动作
例Leave him to do it himself. 让他自个儿去做这件事吧。
+宾语+doing让某人做某事,强调当时正在发生的动作
例What he said left me thinking deeply.他的话使我陷入了沉思。
+宾语+done 使……处于某种被动状态,强调动作的被动性
例W e can’t leave such an important matter unfinished. 我们不能让这样一件重要的事半途而废。
+ 宾语+adj./adv./prep.使……处于某一特定状态
例Who left the door open? 谁让门开着?
(四)get 使,让
+宾语+to do 让……做某事,强调未来性动作
例He got his brother to help him. 他让他的兄弟帮助他。
+宾语+done让……被做,强调被动性动作
例He got the car started. 他发动了小汽车。
+宾语+doing 让……做某事,强调正在进行的动作
例She got her bike running very fast. 她把自行车骑得飞快。
+宾语+adj./adv./prep.使……发生
例Please get your tickets ready. 请准备好票。
(五)keep 使,让,保持
+宾语+doing 使某人处于做某事的状态中,强调动作延续一段时间
例I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 对不起,让您久等了。
+宾语+adj./adv./prep. 使……处于特定状态
例Please keep the classroom clean. 请保持教室干净。
+宾语+done使……处于被动状态
例I can’t keep my eyes shut to all this. 对于这一切我不能熟视无睹。
(六)let 使,让
+宾语+do,让……做,被动语态为be let (to ) do
例Let’s go there, shall we? 让我们去那里,好吗?
+宾语+adv./prep. 让……,多表示方向
例He let the dog out of the room. 他把狗放出了房间。
(七)drive 驱动,逼迫,迫使
+宾语+to do驱动……做,被动语态为be driven to do
例 He drove her to admit it.
(八) force 强迫,迫使
+宾语+to do,迫使某人做某事,被动语态为be forced to do
例He forced her to go home. 他强迫她回家。
+宾语+prep./adv. 迫使……朝向某一方向
例 They forced the enemy’s plane down. 他们迫使敌人的飞机降落。
动词discuss 的语法与搭配:
1. 表示“讨论”,是及物动词,其后直接跟宾语,不要按汉语习惯在其后使用介词 on, about 等。如:
我们将于明日午餐时讨论这件事。
误:We’ll discuss about [on] the matter during lunch tomorrow.
正:We’ll discuss the matter during lunch tomorrow.
另外,由于是及物动词,所以不要漏掉其后该用的代词。如:
我们星期四见——到时就可以商量一下了。
误:See you on Thursday we’ll be able to discuss then.
正:See you on Thursday we’ll be able to discuss it then.
2. 其后接动词时,用动名词,不能用不定式。如:
They discussed selling the house. 他们商量过卖房子的事儿。
They will discuss giving further assistance to the oppressed peoples. 他们将讨论给予被压迫民族更多援助的问题。
有时动名词前可以有自己的逻辑主语。如:
We’re here to discuss Ann’s joining the club. 我们这次碰头是为了谈谈安入会的事儿。
注意,其后虽不接不定式,但可接“疑问词+不定式”。比较:
We discussed when to go [when we should go]. 我们商量了甚么时候动身。
3. 其后可接 whether 引导的宾语从句,但一般不接 if引导的宾语从句。如:
They discussed whether they should leave there. 他们讨论了是否应该离开那儿。
动词admire 的用法与搭配:
1. 是及物动词,通常的结构是admire sb, admire sth, admire sb for sth。如:
They admired him very much. 他们很钦佩他。
They admired his workmanship. 他们很钦佩她的手艺。
They admired him for his workmanship. 他们很钦佩她的手艺。
注意不要受汉语影响漏掉必要的宾语。如:
我钦佩她的勇气。
误:I admire for her bravery.
正:I admire her for her bravery.
他的事业非常成功,他的朋友都很羡慕!
误:He was very successful in his business and all his friends admired!
正:He was very successful in his business and all his friends admired him!
2. 其后有时可接 what 从句。如:
We admire (him for) what he has done. 我们对他所做的事很钦佩。
但是,一般不接that 从句。如:
我们佩服他的诚实。
误:We admire that he is honest.
正:We admire (him for) his honesty.
3. 有时还可后接动名词(通常有逻辑主语)。如:
They all admired his believing in that manner. 他们都赞赏他那样做。
4. 汉语说“你不得不佩服……”,英语可用以下类似表达:
You can only admire her courage and determination. 你不能不佩服她的勇气和决心。
You have to admire their dedication and commitment. 你不得不佩服他们的尽心竭力。
It was a rash thing to do, yet one cannot but admire her courage. 这事做得过于鲁莽,然而不能不佩服她的勇气。
动词call惯用法小知识:
1. call 是一个多义词,有时在没有上下文的情况下可能有歧义,如 call sb 就可表示“呼唤某人”“叫醒某人”“打电话给某人”等。如:
Hang on! I’ll call him. 别挂电话!我去叫他。
Call me if I don’t wake up in time. 如果到时我没醒的话,请叫醒我。
On reaching the airport she called me up. 抵达机场时她给我打了一个电话。
2. 比较以下正误句型(误句多为受汉语习惯影响):
这个东西用英语怎么说?
正:What do you call this in English?
正:How do you say this in English?
误:How do you call this in English?
他名叫李华。
正:His name is Li Hua. / He is called Li Hua.
误:His name is called Li Hua.
3. 比较以下各句call与名词name搭配的用法:
He called her name. 他喊某人的名字。
It’s wrong call names. 骂人是不对的。
The teacher called out the children’s names. 老师大声点名(如考勤等)。
4. 表示看望或拜访某人,后接介词 on 或upon;表示到某地拜访,后接介词 at。如:
I was going to call on you yesterday. 我本打算昨天去看你来着。
He called at John’s office this afternoon. 他今天下午到约翰的办公室去拜访了他。
有时可在 call 后用副词 in, round 等。如:
We could call in on Patrick on the way to your mother’s. 我们到你母亲家去,不妨顺路到帕特里克家串个门儿。
另外,表示看望某人,有时还可后接 to see 或 and see。如:
I’ll call in and see you soon. 我不久就会来看你。
He was out when I call (round) to see him. 我去拜访他时,他不在家。
5. 用于 call on [upon] sb to do sth, 意为叫或号召某人做某事。如:
The teacher called on me to answer the question. 老师叫我回答问题。
The government called on the workers to oppose waste. 政府号召工人反对浪费。
6. 表示给某人或某地打电话,英语用 call (up) a person or a place, 注意不要按汉语习惯在call后加介词to。比较:
At last we decided to call (up) Mr Black(‘s office). 最后我们决定给布莱克先生(的办公室)打电话。
有时见到call (out) to sb这样的搭配,它指的是大声对某人喊。如:
He called out to his father for help. 他向他的父亲大声呼救。