动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。下面小编告诉你英语中非谓语动词的用法，大家一起来看看吧! 英语中非谓语动词的用法: 动词不定式: 动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如:to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如:to study hard, to play table tennis。 1、动词不定式的形式变化:动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。 2、动词不定式的基本用法:动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如: (1)作主语:To help each other is good.(动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如:It is good to help each other. (2)作表语:My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如:Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式 to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。)We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的)。 (3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语，如:She wishes to be a musician.;②作某些形容词的宾语:可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如:I am determined to give up smoking.;③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如:Can you give us some advice on what to do next? (4)作宾语补足语，如:Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如:I saw a little girl run across the street.
[图片0] (5)动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如:I don’t think it right to do it that way. (6)作定语:动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如:Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如:He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如:The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. (7)作状语:动词不定式可以作下列的状语:①目的状语: Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to(以便或为了)，但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如:She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如:To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语:They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式，表示“足能?”的结果，如:You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、复合结构不定式:由for + 名词(或代词宾格)+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如:It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如:It is very kind of you to help him every day. 4、疑问词 + 动词不定式:疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如:How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem. 5、动词不定式的否定式:动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成，如:It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting. 6、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系: (1)一般式:动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如:We decided to plant more trees this spring.(其后)，They often watch us play table tennis.(同时); (2)完成式:动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如:I am sorry to have kept you waiting. (3)进行式:动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如:She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in. 7、动词不定式的被动语态用法:如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就用被动语态形式，如:What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet. 英语非谓语动词的用法: 非谓语动词和谓语动词的相对时间关系 说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数是那些表愿望的词:want; hope; expect; wish等。 I saw him come in. We enjoyed seeing the film. 在动词insist on; rely on; count on(相信)等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。 在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on; upon after代替完成动名词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 I remember seeing him before. On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend. He stood there speaking. Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room. Entering the room, I found nobody in. Turning to the right, you will find the post office. Written in simple English, the book is easy to read. Educated by the party, he became a brave fighter. I'm sorry to have troubled you. He is said to have come here. He is thought to have done it. He is believed to have done it. 在wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等动词过去时后，说明行为动词没有实现。 We wished to have done this. I expected to have left by then. We regret having told you the news. After having finished his work, he went home. 说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。多数表示一些瞬时间动词。如果是hear; see或表示位置转移的动词arrive; leave; turn; open.不用完成时 Having finished his work, he went home. Sitting down with him, we begun to discuss it. The meeting is to be held next week. 有时主动形式表示被动的意义，同被动没什么区别，具有“应该”.“值的”的意思。不定式是主语的承受者，但有时作某些形容词的宾语， 如:nice, easy, hard, difficult, fit, suitable, good, heavy, comfortable, cheap等。 The box is not strong enough to stand this. It's too small to see. There is a lot of work to do The house is to let at low rent. I am not to blame. Houses are still to seek. Much remains to do. My watch needs repairing. The building being built is a school. Not having been told, he didn't know where to start. not having been told about it, I don't know how to do it. Given more time, (=Having been given) I can do it much better. 动词不定式表示比较具体的意义，经常和特定的动作和执行者联系起来，经常带时间或地点状语，有时表示将要发生的动作。 To master a foreign language is no easy job. To do it well is my earnest desire To see this film is to waste time. To solve this problem is out of the question 英语非谓语动词用法详解: 谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别: 1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。 Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语) Mr. Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. (to have a talk.... 不定式作状语) 2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。 Mike likes the pop music. (动词用单数第三人称形式) Lucy has nothing to do today。(do 用原形) 非谓语动词的特征: 1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。 Studying English is my favorite.(studying 后跟宾语) To help him is my duty. 帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语) 2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。 Working under such a condition is terrible. (under such a condition 是 working 的状语) It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time. (for him 作不定式的逻辑主语) 3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式) Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful. (Seen from...是分词的被动形式) 4 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。 Our coming made him happy.(coming 起名词作用) There are two big swimming pools here. (swimming 起形容词作用) 非谓语动词疑难问题详解: (1) 如用“(to) do”，表该动作是重复性的或将要做的，如: I often see him draw. 我经常看见他画画。 He is said to come tomorrow. 据说他明天来。 (2) 如用“to be doing”，表该动作正在进行，如: I am excited to be performing on the stage. 在舞台上表演我很激动。 He pretended to be reading when the teacher came in . 老师进来时他假装在看书。 (3) 如用“to be done”，强调该动作是被执行。 He was said to be sent to abroad. 据说他要被送出国。 (4) 如用“to have done”或“to have been done”，表该动作已完成，如: I'm sorry to have kept you so long. 对不起让你久等了。 (5) 如用being done,则可表时三种意思。 A. 作主语，表被动 Being admitted to Beijing University is my dream. 被北京大学录取是我的梦想。 B. 作宾语(在少数动词或介词后) ，表被动。 Do you mind being left alone at home? 你介意单独一个人被留在家里吗? I’m worried about being left alone at home. 我担心被单独一个人留在家里。 C. 作定语，表被动(正在被) The building being built is a lab. 正在被建的大楼是实验大楼。 (6) having done 表示的时间在谓语动词所表示的时间之前，且表主动，常用作句子的状语。 Having finished his homework , he went out to play. (7) having been done表示的时间在谓语动词所表示的时间之前，且表被动，常用作句子的状语。 Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found anywhere else in the world.