英语中的动态动作和静态状态可以表现在动词中,从语义角度讲,动词可以分为动态和静态。下面小编告诉你关于英语动态动词与静态动词的用法，大家一起来看看吧!
关于英语动态动词与静态动词的用法:
一、 动词(dynamic verbs)和静态动词(stative verbs)的概念及分类。
实义动词按其语义特征可以分为动态动词和静态动词。
1. 动态动词(dynamic verbs):表示运动状态的动词。这类动词分为五种:
(1) 活动动词(activity verbs)
(2) 过程动词(process verbs)
(3) 感觉动词(verbs of bodily sensation)
(4) 过渡性动词(transitional verbs)
(5) 瞬间动词(momentary verbs)
2. 静态动词(stative verbs): 表示相对静止状态的动词。这类动词分为三种:
(1) 感觉动词(verbs of perception)
(2) 认识动词(verbs of cogition)
(3) 关系动词(relation verbs)
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二、 动态动词(dynamic verbs)
1. 活动动词(activity verbs): 这类动词表示动作的发出者的有意识的，主动的行为。
这类动词有: ask， write， listen， play，run， keep，work etc.
One of the students asked me a question.
The girl writes to her mother once a week.
2. 过程动词(process verbs): 这类动词表示“过程”含有逐渐过渡的语义，通常情况下，表示动作转化为状态。
这类动词有: change， grow， get， widen， become， mature， deteriorate etc.
The village has changed a great deal since we last visited it.
It is growing cold.
3. 感觉动词(verbs of bodily sensation): 这类动词表示客观事物的个别特征在人体中引起的反映。
这类动词有: ache, feel, hurt, itch etc.
My back was hurting.
Are your mosquito bites still itching?
4. 过渡性动词(transational verbs):这类动词表示动作由一个阶段逐渐发展而转入另一种状态。
这类动词有: arrive, die, fall, land, leave, lose etc.
The train arrived at the station.
Tom’s grandfather died five years ago.
这里需要指出的是当上述过渡性动词用于进行体时，表达的不是动作达到的语义，而是过渡状态。
The train was arriving. (火车快到站了.)
Tom’s grandfather was dying. (汤姆的祖父快要去世.)
5. 瞬间动词(momentary verbs)
这类动词表示瞬间发生随即完成的动作。
这类动词有:hit，jump，tap，knock，kick，nod，meet，shoot，drop，etc.
The boss hit the boy on the head.
The teacher tapped the child on the shoulder.
值得语言学者重视的是: 瞬间动词一旦用于进行体,常表示重复性动作。
The boss was hitting the boy on the head. (连续打击)
The teacher was tapping the child on the shoulder. (连续拍打)
其中begin 虽为瞬间动词，但用于进行体中，并不表示重复，而是表示“刚刚开始”:
You are beginning to wonder whether the plan can be practicable.
通过对上述动态动词(dynamtic verbs) 的语义特征进行的分析, 可以概括为以下几点用法:
1) 动态动词可以用于祈使句。
Stop talking.
Please open the door.
2) 动态动词可以用于进行体。
The students are reading the text.
The weather is changing for the better.
3) 动态动词可以用于复合宾语中。
I told him to go to the clinic.
She asked the student write the composition.
4)动态动词可以用于带有do 代词形势得假拟分裂句。
What I did was to make notes.
What I did was to leav.
三、 静态动词(stative verbs)
1. 感觉动词(verbs of perception):感觉动词用来表示主体的思维和五官活动的动词。这类动词有:see, hear, smell, sound, taste, etc.
We can smell something burning.
Can you taste onion in the soup?
2. 认识动词(verbs of cognition):认识动词用来表示各种思想感情及心理状态。
这类动词有:astonish，desire，believe，love，hate，remember，know，want，wish，think，recognize，etc.
His words astonished all.
I didn’t recognized her.
3. 关系动词(relational verbs):关系动词用来表示主体和其他事物之间的静止关系或状态。这类动词有:apply to，be，belong to，concern，resemble，consist of，contain，cost，depend on，deserve，fit，have，remain，seem，need，own，etc.
The rules apply to all undertakings.
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
通过对上述静态动词(stative verbs)的语义分析,可以概括为以下几点:
1) 静态动词不能用于祈使句。 不能说:
Hear, someone is knocking at the door.
Know him, please.
2) 静态动词一般不以进行体形式出现。不能说:
I am knowing that Jack went there.
Our class is consisting of 20 students.
3) 静态动词不能用于复合宾语(complex objects)中。不能说:
I ask him to smell something unpleasant.
I advised him remember it.
4) 静态动词不能用于带有do 代词形式的假拟分裂句。不能说:
What I did was to feel pain on my head.
What she did was to dislike the novel.
通常不用于被动语态的静态动词:
那里的人缺乏食物。
正:People there lack food.
误:Food is lacked by people there.
从形式上看，第2句是第1句的相应的被动形式，既然第1句为正句，那么第2句从理论上说应该是成立的。而事实上第2句却是个错句。
在英语中，并不是所有的及物动词都可以用于被动语态的，有些动词(尤其是那些静态动词)尽管它们可以带宾语，但却不用于被动语态，这种动词考生容易弄错，其中主要的有:have，lack，fit，suit，cost，let，like等:
他有一台电脑。
正:He has a computer.
误:A computer is had by him.
他当时正在洗澡。
正:He was taking a bath.
误:A bath was being had by him.
我的鞋不适合。
正:My shoes don’t fit me.
误:I am not fitted by my shoes.
这架钢琴花了她6000美元。
正:The piano cost her 6000 dollars.
误:She was cost her 6000 dollars.
误:6000 dollars was cost her.
这件衣服他穿很合适。
正:The coat suits him very well.
误:He is well suited by the coat.
静态动词用于进行时态的例子:
在通常情况下，静态动词不用于进行时态，但是有少数静态动词在特殊情况下可用于进行时态，有时比用一般时态显得更客气。如以下例子均摘自词典和名家的语法著作:
I am hoping you will come. 我希望你能来。(比I hope…显得更客气)。
Now I’m remembering it. 现在我想起来了。
How are you liking Beijing? 你觉得北京如何?(问初步印象)
I’m always hearing strange stories about him. 我老听人讲关于他的奇奇怪怪的事。
I’m forgetting that I promised to visit him tonight. 我差点忘了我答应今晚去看他的。
Tina is resembling her sister more and more. 丁娜越来越像她姐姐了。
I’m hoping that you will come and have a chat with me. 我倒希望你来聊聊天。
I’m wondering if you have any questions. 我倒想知道你们有什么问题。
Thank you so much for the binoculars. I’ve been wanting a pair for ages. 我非常感谢你送给我望远镜。我一直想要一副。
英语动词的基本概念:
及物动词与不及物动词
根据其后是否带宾语，动词可分为及物动词(带宾语)和不及物动词(不带宾语):
Everyone laughed. 大家都笑了。(laugh不带宾语，为不及物动词)
He bought a dictionary. 他买了一本词典。(buy带了宾语，为及物动词)
【注】有的动词既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词:
I drank some brandy.我喝了一些白兰地。(及物用法)
He has been drinking again.他又在喝酒了。(不及物用法)
实意动词和非实意动词
根据其含义和句子功用，动词可分为实意动词和非实意动词(包括时态助动词和情态助动词等):
He likes reading story books. 他喜欢看故事书。(like和read为实意动词)
He has read the story book. 他已读过这本故事书。(has为时态助动词)
He should read the story book. 他应该读读这本故事书。(should为情态助动词)
限定动词和非限定动词
根据其是否为主语所限定，动词可分为限定动词和非限定动词。限定动词在句中可用作谓语，而非限定动词则不用作谓语(用作主语、宾语、补语、状语、定语等)，非限定动词包括不定式、动名词、分词三种:
He likes English. 他喜欢英语。(like为限定动词)
I hope to see you this evening. 我希望今天晚上见到你。(to see为非限定动词)
The house needs repairing. 这房子需要修缮。(repairing 为非限定动词)
He had his wallet stolen on the bus. 他的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。(stolen为非限定动词)
动态动词和静态动词
根据词义特点，动词可分为动态动词和静态动词，动态动词主要指动作动词，而静态动词则主要指表示情感、内心活动、感觉、相互关系等的动词:
I worked there for five years. 我在那儿工作了五年。(work为动态动词)
He no longer lives here. 他不再住这儿了。(live为动态动词)
I know he is honest. 我知道他是诚实的。(know为静态动词)
Everyone likes the book. 大家都喜欢这本书。(like为静态动词)
The house belongs to Mr. Smith. 这房子是史密斯的。(belong为静态动词)
延续性动词和非延续性动词
根据动作是否延续，动词可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词:
It rained for three days. 下了三天雨。(rain为延续性动词)
He left here three days ago. 他三天前就离开了。(left为非延续性动词)
【注】除以上类别的动词外，英语中还有连系动词、反身动词、短语动词等。
