系动词有自己的但不完全的词义，不能在句中独立作谓语，必须和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。它虽是虚词，但是其用法是复杂的，而且不可忽视。下面小编告诉你初中英语中系动词的用法，大家一起来看看吧!
初中英语中系动词的用法:
一、连系动词基本用法
连系动词是表示不完全谓语关系的动词，它与其后的表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词有be(是)，become(成为)，get(变成)，remain(还是)，seem(似乎是)，look(看上去)，feel(感觉)等。连系动词后的表语通常是名词和形容词，有时也可以是代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等:
His English is excellent. 他的英语很棒。(跟形容词)
He is a famous poet. 他是著名诗人。(跟名词)
Money isn’t everything.金钱不是一切。(跟代词)
She was the first to arrive.她是第一个到达的人。(跟数词)
Who is upstairs? 谁在楼上?(跟副词)
He is with his friends. 他和朋友在一起。(跟介词短语)
He seems to be ill. 他似乎病了。(跟不定式)
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。(跟动名词)
This is what you need. 这就是你需要的。(跟从句)
[图片0]
二、学习连系动词应注意的两点
1. 关于连系动词后接副词作表语
连系动词后通常可接形容词作表语，一般不接副词:
误:His English is very well. 他的英语很好。(应将well改为good)
误:Be carefully. 小心点。(应将carefully改为careful)
误:The soup tastes nicely. 这汤味道不错。(应将nicely改为nice)
但是，有时连系动词后也可接副词作表语，不过这主要限于in, on, off, out, away, behind, up, down, over, through, around, round, below, inside, outside 等少数副词小品词以及here, there, upstairs, downstairs等少数表示地点或方位的副词:
Mother wasn’t in last night. 母亲昨晚不在家。
The meeting was over at five. 会议五点结束。
Come along. The taxi is outside. 来吧，出租车在外面。
Mother is downstairs waiting for you. 母亲在楼下等你。
2. 关于连系动词后接不定式
(1) 连系动词be后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语:
My dream is to be a scientist. 我的梦想是当一名科学家。
All I could do was to wait. 我只能等。
My plan was to go from London to Paris. 我计划从伦敦去巴黎。
I was to have seen Mr Kay. 我本要去见凯先生的。
(2) seem, appear, prove, continue, turn out, get, grow, come 等连系动词后也可接不定式(尤其是to be)作表语:
She always seems to be sad. 她常常显得很忧伤。
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证明是错的。
She appears to have many friends. 他好像有很多朋友。
The weather turned out to be fine. 天气结果很好。
Circumstances continue to be favorable. 情况仍然是有利的。
He has grown to like studying English. 他渐渐喜欢学英语了。
【注】若所接不定式为to be，通常可以省略。不过，若其后接的是表语形容词，则to be通常不宜省略。另外，连系动词look后能否接to be似乎尚有争论，不过，在现代英语中接to be的现象已较普遍。
(3) sound, smell, feel, taste, become等连系动词后通常不能接不定式:
误:These oranges taste to be good. (应去掉to be)
误:The roses smell to be nice. (应去掉to be)
(4) 有的连系动词后接的从句可用不定式来改写:
It seems that she’s right. / She seems to be right. 她似乎是对的。
It appears that you have made a mistake. / You appear to have made a mistake. 似乎你弄错了。
smell和taste后接介词like和of有何区别:
1. smell和taste后接介词like时表示“闻起来像”和“吃起来像”。如:
It smells like musk. 它闻起来像麝香。
Her coffee tastes like dish-water. 她的咖啡喝起来像刷锅水。
[图片1]
2. smell和taste后接介词of时表示“闻起来有……的味道”和“吃起来有……的味道”。如:
The soup tastes of onion. 这汤有洋葱味。
The railway carriage smelt of beer and old socks. 那节车厢有啤酒和脏袜子味。
注:用作系动词的smell和taste后面通常不直接跟名词，遇此情况应根据语境后接介词like或of。
appear, look, seem 的区别:
三者均可用作连系动词，意为“好像”、“似乎”等，区别如下:
1. 从词义上看:look 指视觉印象;appear 指外表给人的印象;这两者可能是真象也可能是假象，appear 的不确定性更大一些。seem 侧重指根据某种迹象作出的推断，也不一定是事实。
2. 从句型搭配和用法上看:
(1) 三者均可后接不定式，但 look 之后一般只限于 to be (且较少见)。如:
正:He seems [appears，looks] to be tired. 他好像很累了。
正:He seems [appears] to have travelled a lot. 他似乎去过不少地方。
误:He looks to have travelled a lot.
(2) look, seem 之后可接介词 like，但 appear 之后一般不能。如:
He looks [seems] like a fool. 他看起来像个大傻瓜。
(3) appear 和 seem 不用于进行时态，但 look 有时可这样用。如:
正:He looks [is looking] well. 他看上去气色不错。
误:He is seeming [appearing] well.
(4) 三者均可用于 it 开头的句子，且三者之后均可接以 as if 或 as though 引导的从句，另外 appear 和 seem 之后还可接 that 引导的从句。如:
It looks [seems，appears] as if he has lost interest in his job. 看来他对自己的工作已失去了兴趣。
It seems [appears] that he is very tired. 他似乎很累了。
注:后接 that 从句时，有时可用 so，not 代之。如:
A:Are they reliable? 他们可靠吗?
B:It seems [appears] so (not). 似乎是可靠的(不可靠)。
另外，比较以下同义句型:
It seems [appears] that he is ill.=He seems [appears] to be ill. 他似乎病了。
look, sound, smell, taste, feel等连系动词的用法与易错点:
用作连系动词，表示感觉，其意思为:look(看起来)，sound(听起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，feel(摸起来)等，它们在用法上有以下特点:
1. 作为连系动词，其后的表语可以是形容词，但是通常不能是副词。如:
这饭菜闻起来真香。
误:The dinner smells well.
正:The dinner smells good.
他说的听起来好像是真的。
误:What he says sounds truly.
正:What he says sounds true.
2. 表示感觉，通常以被感觉的东西作主语，此时它们虽有被动词意味，但不能用被动态。如:
这学校看起来很美。
误:The school is looked very beautiful.
正:The school looks very beautiful.
这汤尝起来很鲜。
误:The soup is tasted nice.
正:The soup tastes nice.
3. 除 look 外，其他几个动词通常不用于进行时态。如:
误:What you says is sounding reasonable.
误:It is smelling [tasting] nice.
误:Glass is feeling smooth.
但是，若 feel 不表示“闻起来”，而表示“感觉”，则可以用于进行时。如:
How are you feeling now? 你现在感觉如何?
I’m feeling terrible. 我感到难受极了。
另外，若用作实义动词，它们都可以用于进行时态。如:
I’m tasting the soup. 我正在尝这汤。
He’s smelling the roses. 他在闻玫瑰花。
4. 除 look 偶尔可后接 to be 外，其余动词均不能后接 to be。如:
误:The material feels to be soft.(应去掉 to be)
误:The story sounds to be true.(应去掉 to be)
5. 其后均可接介词 like。如:
It sounds like thunder. 这声音好似雷鸣。
This looks like [tastes like, smells like, feels like] an orange. 这东西看起来(尝起来、闻起来、摸起来)像橘子。
另外，taste 和 smell 后还可接介词 of，表示“有……的味道”。如:
It tastes of [smells of] fish. 这东西有鱼的味道。
6. feel有时可表示“使(让)人感觉起来”。如:
It feels cold in here. 这儿很冷。
I love to go to the seaside in summer. It feels good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea. 夏天我喜欢到海滨玩，在海滨晒太阳或在凉爽的海水里游泳那是很惬意的。
