英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。下面是英语动词时态的用法总结，大家一起来看看吧!
英语动词时态的用法总结:
英语动词时态将来进行时
1. 构成
will / shall be +现在分词。
2. 基本用法
(1) 表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作。如:
Don’t phone him between 5pm and 6pm. He’ll be having a meeting then. 五点至六点之间不要给他打电话，那时他在开会。
When I get home, my wife will probably be doing cooking. 当我到家时，我太太可能正在做饭。
(2) 表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。如:
The train won’t be leaving until one o’clock. 火车一点钟才开。
We shall be going to London next week. 下周我们要去伦敦。
(3) 常用来表示预计即将发生或势必要发生的动作。如:
When shall we be meeting next time? 我们下次什么时候见面?
Do come tomorrow! We’ll be expecting you. 明天务必来，我们要等你的。
(4) 表示委婉语气。如:
Will you be needing anything else? 你还需要什么吗?
When will you be coming again? 你什么时候再来?
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3. 将来进行时与一般将来时的区别
(1) 将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作; 而一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作。如:
What will you be doing at seven the day after tomorrow? 后天晚上七点会在做什么呢
What will you do at seven the day after tomorrow? 后天晚上七点你干什么?
(2) 将来进行表示已有的安排;而一般将来时表示临时决定。如:
I’ll go to see him after school. 放学后我去看她。
I’ll be going to see him after school. 放学后我准备去看她的。
(3) 两者均可表示将来，但用将来进行时语气更委婉，比较:
When will you finish your homework 你什么什候完成作业?
When will you be finishing your homework 你什么什候完成作业呢?
(4) 有时将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来情况;而一般将来中的will含有“愿意”的意思。比较:
Mary won’t be paying this bill. 不会由玛丽来付钱。(单纯谈未来情况)
Mary won’t pay this bill. 玛丽不肯付这笔钱。(表意愿)
英语动词时态一般将来时:
一、一般将来时的构成
一般将来时的由shall / will+ 动词原形构成。
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二、一般将来时的基本用法
(1) 表示单纯的将要发生的动作或情况。常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如:
Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天是星期天。
They say that it will rain. 他们说要下雨。
I’ll be thirty-seven on my next birthday. 到下次生日, 我就三十七岁了。
We won’t be free tonight. 今晚我们没空。
(2) 也可以表示临时决定要做的事。如:
— I thought I asked you to sweep the floor.
—Oh, I’m sorry. Mother, I will do it right now.
—我原以为我让你扫地了。
—噢，对不起，妈妈，我就做。
—You have left the door open.
—Oh, so I have. I’ll go and lock it.
—你忘了锁门。
—哦，是的。我就去。
(3) 有时虽没有时间状语，但从意思上可以判断指将来的动作。如:
Who will take the chair? 谁当主席?
You will pass the examination. 你会通过那个考试的。
The meeting won’t last long. 会开不了多久。
(4) 一般将来时有时还表示倾向和习惯性。如:
Oil will float on water. 油总浮在水面上。
Fish will die without water。鱼离开水就会死掉。
The machine won't work because of a faulty connection. 机器电源线接错了,所以开不动。
三、表示将来时的几种方法
(1) be going to+动词原形。
①主要表示预先经过考虑的计划或打算。如:
I’m going to make a dress with the cloth I bought yesterday. 我打算用昨天买的布做个裙子。
We are not going to stay there long. 我们不准备在那里久待。
Where are you going to spend your holidays?你准备去哪儿度假?
②表示有迹象表明要发生某事。如:
Look at the black clouds— It is going to rain.看那乌云— 天要下雨了。
There’s going to be a lot of trouble about it. 这事肯定会有许多麻烦。
Li is putting on weight. She’s going to be quite fat. 李的在体重增加，她会很胖的。
(2) be to+动词原形
主要表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作。如:
He is to leave for Beijing tomorrow. 他决定明天去北京。
I’m to have coffee with my friend this afternoon. 今下午我要和我朋友去喝咖啡。
When are you to hand in your paper? 你的论文什么时候交上来?
表示必须、有义务要进行的动作。如:
The mail is to be handed to him in person. 邮件得亲自交给他。
Nobody knew what are to be done. 没人知道该怎么办。
有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性等，如:
You are to make the necessary changes.你要做出必要的改变。
Tell him he’s not to be late next time. 告诉他下次不准迟到。
Such books are to be found in any library. 这种书哪个图书馆都找得到。
英语动词时态现在完成进行时:
1. 构成
have / has been + 动词的现在分词。
2. 基本用法
(1) 表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止。如:
The telephone has been ringing continually in the office all morning. 整个早上办公室里的电话铃声不断。
Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. 自那时以来,他们一直在设法查明起火的原因。
What have you been doing since I last saw you? 自我上次和你见面以后，你在做什么?
In the past few years they have been dealing with quite a few international corporations successfully.
在过去的几年中他们与好几家跨国公司做生意一直做得很成功。
(2) 现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论:
She is very tired. She’s been typing letters all day. 她很累了，她整天都在打信件。
Her eyes are red. She has been crying. 她眼睛红了。她一直在哭。
(3) 有时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。如:
They have been seeing each other recently. 最近他们常常见面。
3. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
(1) 现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作;而现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作。如:
He has been writing a letter. 他一直在写一封信。(还在写)
He has written a letter. 他写了一封信。(已完成)
(2) 少数动词如work, study, live, teach, stay等, 用这两种时态含义差不多, 只是在强调动作的持续性时，用现在完成进行时更多一些。如:
How long has your brother worked / been working in this factory? 你哥哥在这家工厂工作多久了?
I’ve lived / been living here since I taught in this school. 自从我在这所学校任教以来就一直住在这儿。
(3) 现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。如:
I have waited for two hours. 我等了两小时。(陈述事实)
I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦)
英语动词时态过去进行时:
1. 构成
was / were+动词的现在分词。
2. 基本用法
(1) 表示过去某一时间点或一段时间正在进行的动作。如:
What were you doing this time yesterday? 你昨天这个时候在干什么?
Granny fell asleep when she was reading. 奶奶看书时睡着了。
He was writing a book about grammar last year, but I don’t know whether he has finished it.他去年在写一本语法方面的书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了。
What were you talking about just now? 你们刚才在谈什么?
He was working from 7 to 11 last night. 昨晚他从七点一直工作到十一点。
(2) 过去进行时与 always, forever, continually等副词连用，表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等表示感情色彩。如:
My brother was always losing his keys. 我哥哥老是丢钥匙。
The boy was continually asking the same question. 这个男孩子老是问同一个问题。
(3)动词wonder, hope, think, want等的过去进行时表示语气委婉、客气。如:
We were wondering if you would stay with us for lunch. 我不知你能否留下来和我们一起吃午饭。
I was hoping you give me a chance to try the job. 我很希望你给我一个机会来试一试这个工作。
(4)过去进行时表将来。如:
—What were you doing when he came to see you?
—I had just finished my homework and was leaving to
He said his brother was leaving for Japan tomorrow. 他说他哥哥明天要去日本。
3. 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别
(1) 过去进行时通常表示一个过去正在进行的动作;而一般过去时则通常表示一个过去已经完成的动作。如:
I was reading the newspaper last night. 我昨晚在看书。(不一定看完)
I read the newspaper last night. 我昨晚看了报纸。(已经看完)
He was building a model ship out of wood. 他在那里修一座桥。(不一定建成)
He built a model ship out of wood. 他用木头造了个模型船。(已建成)
(2) 少数动词如rain, snow, cough, wear, feel, work等的一般过去时并不表示动作完成，这时用两种时态都可以，且含义区别不大。如:
It snowed / was snowing all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雪。
She didn’t feel / wasn’t feeling well that day. 那天她感到不太舒服。
The child coughed / was coughing all night. 这孩子咳嗽了一整夜。
